history.c

Go to the documentation of this file.

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
/*                                                                           */
/*                  This file is part of the program and library             */
/*         SCIP --- Solving Constraint Integer Programs                      */
/*                                                                           */
/*  Copyright 2002-2022 Zuse Institute Berlin                                */
/*                                                                           */
/*  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");          */
/*  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.         */
/*  You may obtain a copy of the License at                                  */
/*                                                                           */
/*      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                           */
/*                                                                           */
/*  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software      */
/*  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,        */
/*  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. */
/*  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and      */
/*  limitations under the License.                                           */
/*                                                                           */
/*  You should have received a copy of the Apache-2.0 license                */
/*  along with SCIP; see the file LICENSE. If not visit scipopt.org.         */
/*                                                                           */
/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

/**@file   history.c
 * @ingroup OTHER_CFILES
 * @brief  methods for branching and inference history
 * @author Tobias Achterberg
 */

/*---+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----+----8----+----9----+----0----+----1----+----2*/

#include <assert.h>

#include "scip/def.h"
#include "scip/set.h"
#include "scip/history.h"
#include "scip/pub_misc.h"
#include "scip/pub_history.h"
#include "scip/pub_message.h"

#ifndef NDEBUG
#include "scip/struct_history.h"
#endif

/*
 * methods for branching and inference history
 */

/** creates an empty history entry */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPhistoryCreate(
   SCIP_HISTORY**        history,            /**< pointer to store branching and inference history */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem              /**< block memory */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);

   SCIP_ALLOC( BMSallocBlockMemory(blkmem, history) );

   SCIPhistoryReset(*history);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** frees a history entry */
void SCIPhistoryFree(
   SCIP_HISTORY**        history,            /**< pointer to branching and inference history */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem              /**< block memory */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(*history != NULL);

   BMSfreeBlockMemory(blkmem, history);
}

/** resets history entry to zero */
void SCIPhistoryReset(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history             /**< branching and inference history */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);

   history->pscostcount[0] = 0.0;
   history->pscostcount[1] = 0.0;
   history->pscostweightedmean[0] = 0.0;
   history->pscostweightedmean[1] = 0.0;
   history->pscostvariance[0] = 0.0;
   history->pscostvariance[1] = 0.0;
   history->vsids[0] = 0.0;
   history->vsids[1] = 0.0;
   history->conflengthsum[0] = 0.0;
   history->conflengthsum[1] = 0.0;
   history->inferencesum[0] = 0.0;
   history->inferencesum[1] = 0.0;
   history->cutoffsum[0] = 0.0;
   history->cutoffsum[1] = 0.0;
   history->ratio = 0.0;
   history->ratiovalid = FALSE;
   history->balance = 0.0;
   history->nactiveconflicts[0] = 0;
   history->nactiveconflicts[1] = 0;
   history->nbranchings[0] = 0;
   history->nbranchings[1] = 0;
   history->branchdepthsum[0] = 0;
   history->branchdepthsum[1] = 0;
}

/** unites two history entries by adding the values of the second one to the first one */
void SCIPhistoryUnite(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_HISTORY*         addhistory,         /**< history values to add to history */
   SCIP_Bool             switcheddirs        /**< should the history entries be united with switched directories */
   )
{
   int i;

   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(addhistory != NULL);

   /* loop over both directions and combine the statistics */
   for( i = 0; i <= 1; ++i )
   {
      int d;
      d = (switcheddirs ? 1 - i : i);

      history->pscostcount[i] += addhistory->pscostcount[d];

      /* if both histories a count of zero, there is nothing to do */
      if( history->pscostcount[i] > 0.0 )
      {
         SCIP_Real oldmean;

         oldmean = history->pscostweightedmean[i];

         /* we update the mean as if the history was one observation with a large weight */
         history->pscostweightedmean[i] += addhistory->pscostcount[d] * (addhistory->pscostweightedmean[d] - history->pscostweightedmean[i]) / history->pscostcount[i];

         /* we update the variance of two sets A and B as S_A+B = S_A + (mu_A)^2 * count_A ...*/
         /* @todo is there a numerically more stable variant for this merge? */
         history->pscostvariance[i] = history->pscostvariance[i] + oldmean * oldmean * (history->pscostcount[i] - addhistory->pscostcount[d]) + \
               /* S_B + (mu_B)^2 * count_B */
               addhistory->pscostvariance[d] + addhistory->pscostcount[d] * addhistory->pscostweightedmean[d] * addhistory->pscostweightedmean[d] -  \
               /* - count_A+B * mu_A+B^ 2 */
               history->pscostcount[i] * history->pscostweightedmean[i] * history->pscostweightedmean[i];

         /* slight violations of nonnegativity are numerically possible */
         history->pscostvariance[i] = MAX(history->pscostvariance[i], 0.0);
      }
#ifndef NDEBUG
      else
      {
         assert(history->pscostweightedmean[i] == 0.0);
         assert(history->pscostvariance[i] == 0.0);
      }
#endif

      history->vsids[i] += addhistory->vsids[d];
      history->conflengthsum[i] += addhistory->conflengthsum[d];
      history->inferencesum[i] += addhistory->inferencesum[d];
      history->cutoffsum[i] += addhistory->cutoffsum[d];
      history->nactiveconflicts[i] += addhistory->nactiveconflicts[d];
      history->nbranchings[i] += addhistory->nbranchings[d];
      history->branchdepthsum[i] += addhistory->branchdepthsum[d];
   }
}

/** updates the pseudo costs for a change of "solvaldelta" in the variable's LP solution value and a change of "objdelta"
 *  in the LP's objective value
 */
void SCIPhistoryUpdatePseudocost(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_Real             solvaldelta,        /**< difference of variable's new LP value - old LP value */
   SCIP_Real             objdelta,           /**< difference of new LP's objective value - old LP's objective value */
   SCIP_Real             weight              /**< weight of this update in pseudo cost sum (added to pscostcount) */
   )
{
   SCIP_Real distance;
   SCIP_Real eps;
   SCIP_Real sumcontribution;
   SCIP_Real olddelta;
   int dir;

   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(set != NULL);
   assert(!SCIPsetIsInfinity(set, REALABS(solvaldelta)));
   assert(!SCIPsetIsInfinity(set, objdelta));
   assert(!SCIPsetIsNegative(set, objdelta));
   assert(0.0 < weight && weight <= 1.0);

   if( SCIPsetIsPositive(set, solvaldelta) )
   {
      /* variable's solution value moved upwards */
      dir = 1;
      distance = solvaldelta;
   }
   else if( SCIPsetIsNegative(set, solvaldelta) )
   {
      /* variable's solution value moved downwards */
      dir = 0;
      distance = -solvaldelta;
   }
   else
   {
      /* the variable's solution value didn't change, and the pseudo costs cannot be updated */
      return;
   }
   assert(dir == 0 || dir == 1);
   assert(SCIPsetIsPositive(set, distance));

   /* apply a lower limit on the distance to avoid numerical instabilities due to very large summands */
   eps = SCIPsetPseudocosteps(set);
   distance = MAX(distance, eps);

   /* slightly increase objective delta, s.t. pseudo cost values are not zero, and fractionalities are
    * always used at least a bit
    */
   objdelta += SCIPsetPseudocostdelta(set);

   sumcontribution = objdelta/distance;
   /* update the pseudo cost values */
   olddelta = sumcontribution - history->pscostweightedmean[dir];
   history->pscostcount[dir] += weight;
   history->pscostweightedmean[dir] += weight * olddelta / history->pscostcount[dir];
   history->pscostvariance[dir] = history->pscostvariance[dir] + weight * olddelta * (sumcontribution - history->pscostweightedmean[dir]);

   SCIPsetDebugMsg(set, "updated pseudo costs of history %p: dir=%d, distance=%g, objdelta=%g, weight=%g  ->  %g/%g\n",
      (void*)history, dir, distance, objdelta, weight, history->pscostcount[dir], history->pscostweightedmean[dir]);
}

/**@name Value based history
 *
 * Value based history methods
 *
 * @{
 */

/** creates an empty value history */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPvaluehistoryCreate(
   SCIP_VALUEHISTORY**   valuehistory,       /**< pointer to store the value based branching and inference histories */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem              /**< block memory */
   )
{
   assert(valuehistory != NULL);

   SCIP_ALLOC( BMSallocBlockMemory(blkmem, valuehistory) );

   (*valuehistory)->nvalues = 0;
   (*valuehistory)->sizevalues = 5;

   SCIP_ALLOC( BMSallocBlockMemoryArray(blkmem, &(*valuehistory)->histories, (*valuehistory)->sizevalues) );
   SCIP_ALLOC( BMSallocBlockMemoryArray(blkmem, &(*valuehistory)->values, (*valuehistory)->sizevalues) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** frees a value history */
void SCIPvaluehistoryFree(
   SCIP_VALUEHISTORY**   valuehistory,       /**< pointer to value based history */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem              /**< block memory */
   )
{
   assert(valuehistory != NULL);

   if( *valuehistory != NULL )
   {
      int i;

      for( i = (*valuehistory)->nvalues-1; i >= 0; --i )
         SCIPhistoryFree(&(*valuehistory)->histories[i], blkmem);

      BMSfreeBlockMemoryArray(blkmem, &(*valuehistory)->histories, (*valuehistory)->sizevalues);
      BMSfreeBlockMemoryArray(blkmem, &(*valuehistory)->values, (*valuehistory)->sizevalues);

      BMSfreeBlockMemory(blkmem, valuehistory);
   }
}

/** finds for the given domain value the history if it does not exist yet it will be created */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPvaluehistoryFind(
   SCIP_VALUEHISTORY*    valuehistory,       /**< value based history */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_Real             value,              /**< domain value of interest */
   SCIP_HISTORY**        history             /**< pointer to store the history for the given domain value */
   )
{
   int pos;

   assert(valuehistory != NULL);
   assert(blkmem != NULL);
   assert(set != NULL);
   assert(history != NULL);

   *history = NULL;

   if( valuehistory->nvalues == 0 || !SCIPsortedvecFindReal(valuehistory->values, value, valuehistory->nvalues, &pos) )
   {
      /* check if we need to resize the history array */
      if( valuehistory->nvalues == valuehistory->sizevalues )
      {
         int newsize;

         newsize = SCIPsetCalcMemGrowSize(set, valuehistory->sizevalues + 1);
         SCIP_ALLOC( BMSreallocBlockMemoryArray(blkmem, &valuehistory->histories, valuehistory->nvalues, newsize) );
         SCIP_ALLOC( BMSreallocBlockMemoryArray(blkmem, &valuehistory->values, valuehistory->nvalues, newsize) );
         valuehistory->sizevalues = newsize;
      }

      /* create new empty history entry */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPhistoryCreate(history, blkmem) );

      /* insert new history into the value based history array */
      SCIPsortedvecInsertRealPtr(valuehistory->values, (void**)valuehistory->histories, value, (void*)(*history), &valuehistory->nvalues, NULL);
   }
   else
      (*history) = valuehistory->histories[pos]; /*lint !e530*/

   assert(*history != NULL);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** scales the conflict score values with the given scalar for each value history entry */
void SCIPvaluehistoryScaleVSIDS(
   SCIP_VALUEHISTORY*    valuehistory,       /**< value based history */
   SCIP_Real             scalar              /**< scalar to multiply the conflict scores with */
   )
{
   if( valuehistory != NULL )
   {
      int i;

      for( i = valuehistory->nvalues-1; i >= 0; --i )
      {
         SCIPhistoryScaleVSIDS(valuehistory->histories[i], scalar);
      }
   }
}


/*
 * simple functions implemented as defines
 */

#ifndef NDEBUG

/* In debug mode, the following methods are implemented as function calls to ensure
 * type validity.
 * In optimized mode, the methods are implemented as defines to improve performance.
 * However, we want to have them in the library anyways, so we have to undef the defines.
 */

#undef SCIPvaluehistoryGetNValues
#undef SCIPvaluehistoryGetHistories
#undef SCIPvaluehistoryGetValues

/** return the number of (domain) values for which a history exists */
int SCIPvaluehistoryGetNValues(
   SCIP_VALUEHISTORY*    valuehistory        /**< value based history */
   )
{
   assert(valuehistory != NULL);

   return valuehistory->nvalues;
}

/** return the array containing the histories for the individual (domain) values */
SCIP_HISTORY** SCIPvaluehistoryGetHistories(
   SCIP_VALUEHISTORY*    valuehistory        /**< value based history */
   )
{
   assert(valuehistory != NULL);

   return valuehistory->histories;
}

/** return the array containing the (domain) values for which a history exists */
SCIP_Real* SCIPvaluehistoryGetValues(
   SCIP_VALUEHISTORY*    valuehistory        /**< value based history */
   )
{
   assert(valuehistory != NULL);

   return valuehistory->values;
}

#endif

/**@} */

/*
 * simple functions implemented as defines
 */

#ifndef NDEBUG

/* In debug mode, the following methods are implemented as function calls to ensure
 * type validity.
 * In optimized mode, the methods are implemented as defines to improve performance.
 * However, we want to have them in the library anyways, so we have to undef the defines.
 */

#undef SCIPbranchdirOpposite
#undef SCIPhistoryGetPseudocost
#undef SCIPhistoryGetPseudocostCount
#undef SCIPhistoryIsPseudocostEmpty
#undef SCIPhistoryIncVSIDS
#undef SCIPhistoryScaleVSIDS
#undef SCIPhistoryGetVSIDS
#undef SCIPhistoryIncNActiveConflicts
#undef SCIPhistoryGetNActiveConflicts
#undef SCIPhistoryGetAvgConflictlength
#undef SCIPhistoryIncNBranchings
#undef SCIPhistoryIncInferenceSum
#undef SCIPhistoryIncCutoffSum
#undef SCIPhistoryGetNBranchings
#undef SCIPhistoryGetInferenceSum
#undef SCIPhistoryGetAvgInferences
#undef SCIPhistoryGetCutoffSum
#undef SCIPhistoryGetAvgCutoffs
#undef SCIPhistoryGetAvgBranchdepth
#undef SCIPhistoryIsRatioValid
#undef SCIPhistoryGetLastRatio
#undef SCIPhistorySetRatioHistory
#undef SCIPhistoryGetLastBalance

/** returns the opposite direction of the given branching direction */
SCIP_BRANCHDIR SCIPbranchdirOpposite(
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction */
   )
{
   return (dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS ? SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS
      : (dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS ? SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS : SCIP_BRANCHDIR_AUTO));
}

/** returns the expected dual gain for moving the corresponding variable by "solvaldelta" */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetPseudocost(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_Real             solvaldelta         /**< difference of variable's new LP value - old LP value */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);

   if( solvaldelta >= 0.0 )
      return solvaldelta * (history->pscostcount[1] > 0.0 ? history->pscostweightedmean[1] : 1.0);
   else
      return -solvaldelta * (history->pscostcount[0] > 0.0 ? history->pscostweightedmean[0] : 1.0);
}

/** returns the variance of pseudo costs about the mean. */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetPseudocostVariance(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        direction           /**< direction of variable: 1 for upwards history, 0 for downwards history */
   )
{
   int dir;
   SCIP_Real correctionfactor;

   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(direction == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS || direction == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS);

   dir = (direction == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS ? 1 : 0);
   correctionfactor = history->pscostcount[dir] - 1.0;

   /** @todo for an unbiased estimate of the weighted sample variance, we need a correction factor that uses the sum of squared weights */
   if( correctionfactor > 0.9 )
      return history->pscostvariance[dir] / correctionfactor;
   else
      return 0.0;
}

/** returns the (possible fractional) number of (partial) pseudo cost updates performed on this pseudo cost entry in 
 *  the given branching direction
 */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetPseudocostCount(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->pscostcount[dir];
}

/** returns whether the pseudo cost entry is empty in the given branching direction (whether no value was added yet) */
SCIP_Bool SCIPhistoryIsPseudocostEmpty(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return (history->pscostcount[dir] == 0.0);
}

/** increases the conflict score of the history entry by the given weight */
void SCIPhistoryIncVSIDS(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir,                /**< branching direction */
   SCIP_Real             weight              /**< weight of this update in conflict score */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   history->vsids[dir] += weight;
}

/** scales the conflict score values with the given scalar */
void SCIPhistoryScaleVSIDS(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_Real             scalar              /**< scalar to multiply the conflict scores with */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);

   history->vsids[0] *= scalar;
   history->vsids[1] *= scalar;
}

/** gets the conflict score of the history entry */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetVSIDS(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->vsids[dir];
}

/** increases the number of active conflicts by one and the overall length of the history entry by the given weight */
void SCIPhistoryIncNActiveConflicts(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir,                /**< branching direction */
   SCIP_Real             length              /**< length of the conflict */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1); 
   assert(length >= 0.0);

   history->nactiveconflicts[dir]++;
   history->conflengthsum[dir] += length;
}

/** gets the number of active conflicts of the history entry */
SCIP_Longint SCIPhistoryGetNActiveConflicts(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->nactiveconflicts[dir];
}

/** gets the average conflict length of the history entry */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetAvgConflictlength(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->conflengthsum[dir] > 0.0 ? (SCIP_Real)history->nactiveconflicts[dir]/(SCIP_Real)history->conflengthsum[dir] : 0.0;
}

/** increases the number of branchings counter */
void SCIPhistoryIncNBranchings(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir,                /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   int                   depth               /**< depth at which the bound change took place */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(depth >= 1);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   history->nbranchings[dir]++;
   history->branchdepthsum[dir] += depth;
}

/** increases the number of inferences counter by a certain value */
void SCIPhistoryIncInferenceSum(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir,                /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   SCIP_Real             weight              /**< weight of this update in inference score */
   ) 
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);
   assert(history->nbranchings[dir] >= 1);
   assert(weight >= 0.0);

   history->inferencesum[dir] += weight;
} 

/** increases the number of cutoffs counter */
void SCIPhistoryIncCutoffSum(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir,                /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   SCIP_Real             weight              /**< weight of this update in cutoff score */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);
   assert(history->nbranchings[dir] >= 1);
   assert(weight >= 0.0);

   history->cutoffsum[dir] += weight;
}

/** get number of branchings counter */
SCIP_Longint SCIPhistoryGetNBranchings(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->nbranchings[dir];
}

/** get number of inferences counter */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetInferenceSum(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->inferencesum[dir];
}

/** returns the average number of inferences per branching */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetAvgInferences(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->nbranchings[dir] > 0 ? (SCIP_Real)history->inferencesum[dir]/(SCIP_Real)history->nbranchings[dir] : 0.0;
}

/** get number of cutoffs counter */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetCutoffSum(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->cutoffsum[dir];
}

/** returns the average number of cutoffs per branching */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetAvgCutoffs(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->nbranchings[dir] > 0 ? (SCIP_Real)history->cutoffsum[dir]/(SCIP_Real)history->nbranchings[dir] : 0.0;
}

/** returns the average depth of bound changes due to branching */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetAvgBranchdepth(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_BRANCHDIR        dir                 /**< branching direction (downwards, or upwards) */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_DOWNWARDS || dir == SCIP_BRANCHDIR_UPWARDS);
   assert((int)dir == 0 || (int)dir == 1);

   return history->nbranchings[dir] > 0 ? (SCIP_Real)history->branchdepthsum[dir]/(SCIP_Real)history->nbranchings[dir] : 1.0;
}

/** returns true if the given history contains a valid ratio */
SCIP_Bool SCIPhistoryIsRatioValid(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history             /**< branching and inference history */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);

   return history->ratiovalid;
}

/** returns the most recent ratio computed given the variable history */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetLastRatio(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history             /**< branching and inference history */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(history->ratiovalid);

   return history->ratio;
}

/** returns the most recent value of r/l used to compute this variable's ratio */
SCIP_Real SCIPhistoryGetLastBalance(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history             /**< branching and inference history */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);
   assert(history->ratiovalid);

   return history->balance;
}

/** sets the ratio history for a particular variable */
void SCIPhistorySetRatioHistory(
   SCIP_HISTORY*         history,            /**< branching and inference history */
   SCIP_Bool             valid,              /**< True iff the ratio computed is valid */
   SCIP_Real             ratio,              /**< Ratio of the characteristic polynomial with gains (1, rightgain/leftgain) */
   SCIP_Real             balance             /**< The value of rightgain/leftgain */
   )
{
   assert(history != NULL);

   history->ratiovalid = valid;
   history->ratio = ratio;
   history->balance = balance;
}

#endif