sepa_mcf.c

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/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
/*                                                                           */
/*                  This file is part of the program and library             */
/*         SCIP --- Solving Constraint Integer Programs                      */
/*                                                                           */
/*    Copyright (C) 2002-2019 Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum                            */
/*                            fuer Informationstechnik Berlin                */
/*                                                                           */
/*  SCIP is distributed under the terms of the ZIB Academic License.         */
/*                                                                           */
/*  You should have received a copy of the ZIB Academic License              */
/*  along with SCIP; see the file COPYING. If not visit scip.zib.de.         */
/*                                                                           */
/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

/**@file   sepa_mcf.c
 * @brief  multi-commodity-flow network cut separator
 * @author Tobias Achterberg
 * @author Christian Raack
 *
 * We try to identify a multi-commodity flow structure in the LP relaxation of the
 * following type:
 *
 *  (1)  sum_{a in delta^+(v)} f_a^k  - sum_{a in delta^-(v)} f_a^k  <=  -d_v^k   for all v in V and k in K
 *  (2)  sum_{k in K} f_a^k - c_a x_a                                <=  0        for all a in A
 *
 * Constraints (1) are flow conservation constraints, which say that for each commodity k and node v the
 * outflow (delta^+(v)) minus the inflow (delta^-(v)) of a node v must not exceed the negative of the demand of
 * node v in commodity k. To say it the other way around, inflow minus outflow must be at least equal to the demand.
 * Constraints (2) are the arc capacity constraints, which say that the sum of all flow over an arc a must not
 * exceed its capacity c_a x_a, with x being a binary or integer variable.
 * c_a x_a does not need to be a single product of a capacity and an integer variable; we also accept general scalar
 * products.
 */

/*---+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----+----8----+----9----+----0----+----1----+----2*/


/* #define COUNTNETWORKVARIABLETYPES */
/* #define MCF_DEBUG */

/* algorithmic defines in testing phase*/
/* #define USEFLOWFORTIEBREAKING */
/* #define USECAPACITYFORTIEBREAKING */
/* #define TIEBREAKING */
#define BETTERWEIGHTFORDEMANDNODES

#include "blockmemshell/memory.h"
#include "scip/cons_knapsack.h"
#include "scip/cuts.h"
#include "scip/pub_lp.h"
#include "scip/pub_message.h"
#include "scip/pub_misc.h"
#include "scip/pub_misc_sort.h"
#include "scip/pub_sepa.h"
#include "scip/pub_var.h"
#include "scip/scip_branch.h"
#include "scip/scip_cut.h"
#include "scip/scip_general.h"
#include "scip/scip_lp.h"
#include "scip/scip_mem.h"
#include "scip/scip_message.h"
#include "scip/scip_numerics.h"
#include "scip/scip_param.h"
#include "scip/scip_prob.h"
#include "scip/scip_sepa.h"
#include "scip/scip_sol.h"
#include "scip/scip_solvingstats.h"
#include "scip/scip_tree.h"
#include "scip/sepa_mcf.h"
#include <string.h>


#define SEPA_NAME                        "mcf"
#define SEPA_DESC                        "multi-commodity-flow network cut separator"
#define SEPA_PRIORITY                    -10000
#define SEPA_FREQ                             0
#define SEPA_MAXBOUNDDIST                   0.0
#define SEPA_USESSUBSCIP                  FALSE /**< does the separator use a secondary SCIP instance? */
#define SEPA_DELAY                        FALSE /**< should separation method be delayed, if other separators found cuts? */

/* changeable parameters*/
#define DEFAULT_NCLUSTERS                     5   /**< number of clusters to generate in the shrunken network */
#define DEFAULT_MAXWEIGHTRANGE            1e+06   /**< maximal valid range max(|weights|)/min(|weights|) of row weights for CMIR */
#define DEFAULT_MAXTESTDELTA                 20   /**< maximal number of different deltas to try (-1: unlimited) for CMIR */
#define DEFAULT_TRYNEGSCALING             FALSE   /**< should negative values also be tested in scaling? for CMIR */
#define DEFAULT_FIXINTEGRALRHS             TRUE   /**< should an additional variable be complemented if f0 = 0? for CMIR */
#define DEFAULT_DYNAMICCUTS                TRUE   /**< should generated cuts be removed from the LP if they are no longer tight? */
#define DEFAULT_MODELTYPE                     0   /**< model type of network (0: auto, 1:directed, 2:undirected) */
#define DEFAULT_MAXSEPACUTS                 100   /**< maximal number of cuts separated per separation round (-1: unlimited) */
#define DEFAULT_MAXSEPACUTSROOT             200   /**< maximal number of cuts separated per separation round in root node (-1: unlimited) */
#define DEFAULT_MAXINCONSISTENCYRATIO       0.02  /**< maximum inconsistency ratio (inconsistencies/(arcs*commodities)) at all */
#define DEFAULT_MAXARCINCONSISTENCYRATIO     0.5 /**< maximum inconsistency ratio for arcs not to be deleted */
#define DEFAULT_CHECKCUTSHORECONNECTIVITY   TRUE  /**< should we only separate if the cuts shores are connected */
#define DEFAULT_SEPARATESINGLENODECUTS      TRUE  /**< should we separate inequalities based on single node cuts */
#define DEFAULT_SEPARATEFLOWCUTSET          TRUE  /**< should we separate flowcutset inequalities */
#define DEFAULT_SEPARATEKNAPSACK            TRUE  /**< should we separate knapsack cover inequalities */

/* fixed parameters */
#define BOUNDSWITCH                         0.5
#define POSTPROCESS                        TRUE
#define USEVBDS                            TRUE
#define MINFRAC                            0.05
#define MAXFRAC                           0.999

#define MAXCOLS                         2000000 /**< maximum number of columns */
#define MAXAGGRLEN(nvars)                  (0.1*(nvars)+1000) /**< maximal length of base inequality */
#define MINCOLROWRATIO                     0.01 /**< minimum ratio cols/rows for the separator to be switched on */
#define MAXCOLROWRATIO                    100.0 /**< maximum ratio cols/rows for the separator to be switched on */
#define MAXFLOWVARFLOWROWRATIO            100.0 /**< maximum ratio flowvars/flowrows for the separator to be switched on */
#define MAXARCNODERATIO                   100.0 /**< maximum ratio arcs/nodes for the separator to be switched on */
#define MAXNETWORKS                           4 /**< maximum number of networks to consider */
#define MAXFLOWCANDDENSITY                  0.1 /**< maximum density of rows to be accepted as flow candidates*/
#define MINCOMNODESFRACTION                 0.5 /**< minimal size of commodity relative to largest commodity to keep it in the network */
#define MINNODES                              3 /**< minimal number of nodes in network to keep it for separation */
#define MINARCS                               3 /**< minimal number of arcs in network to keep it for separation */
#define MAXCAPACITYSLACK                    0.1 /**< maximal slack of weighted capacity constraints to use in aggregation */
#define UNCAPACITATEDARCSTRESHOLD           0.8 /**< threshold for the percentage of commodities an uncapacitated arc should appear in */
#define HASHSIZE_NODEPAIRS                  500 /**< minimal size of hash table for nodepairs */

/* #define OUTPUTGRAPH                                   should a .gml graph of the network be generated for debugging purposes? */


#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
#ifndef MCF_DEBUG
#define MCF_DEBUG
#endif
#endif

#ifdef MCF_DEBUG
#define MCFdebugMessage printf
#else
/*lint --e{506}*/
/*lint --e{681}*/
#define MCFdebugMessage while(FALSE) printf
#endif

/*
 * Data structures
 */

/** model type of the network */
enum SCIP_McfModeltype
{
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_AUTO       = 0,         /**< model type should be detected automatically */
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED   = 1,         /**< directed network where each arc has its own capacity */
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED = 2          /**< directed network where anti-parallel arcs share the capacity */
};
typedef enum SCIP_McfModeltype SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE;

/** effort level for separation */
enum McfEffortLevel
{
   MCFEFFORTLEVEL_OFF        = 0,            /**< no separation */
   MCFEFFORTLEVEL_DEFAULT    = 1,            /**< conservative separation */
   MCFEFFORTLEVEL_AGGRESSIVE = 2             /**< aggressive separation */
};
typedef enum McfEffortLevel MCFEFFORTLEVEL;

/** extracted multi-commodity-flow network */
struct SCIP_McfNetwork
{
   SCIP_ROW***           nodeflowrows;       /**< nodeflowrows[v][k]: flow conservation constraint for node v and
                                              *   commodity k; NULL if this node does not exist in the commodity */
   SCIP_Real**           nodeflowscales;     /**< scaling factors to convert nodeflowrows[v][k] into a +/-1 <= row */
   SCIP_Bool**           nodeflowinverted;   /**< does nodeflowrows[v][k] have to be inverted to fit the network structure? */
   SCIP_ROW**            arccapacityrows;    /**< arccapacity[a]: capacity constraint on arc a;
                                              *   NULL if uncapacitated */
   SCIP_Real*            arccapacityscales;  /**< scaling factors to convert arccapacity[a] into a <= row with
                                              *   positive entries for the flow variables */
   int*                  arcsources;         /**< source node ids of arcs */
   int*                  arctargets;         /**< target node ids of arcs */
   int*                  colcommodity;       /**< commodity number of each column, or -1 */
   int                   nnodes;             /**< number of nodes in the graph */
   int                   narcs;              /**< number of arcs in the graph */
   int                   nuncapacitatedarcs; /**< number of uncapacitated arcs in the graph */
   int                   ncommodities;       /**< number of commodities */
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE     modeltype;          /**< detected model type of the network */
};
typedef struct SCIP_McfNetwork SCIP_MCFNETWORK;

/** separator data */
struct SCIP_SepaData
{
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK**     mcfnetworks;        /**< array of multi-commodity-flow network structures */
   int                   nmcfnetworks;       /**< number of multi-commodity-flow networks (-1: extraction not yet done) */
   int                   nclusters;          /**< number of clusters to generate in the shrunken network -- default separation */
   SCIP_Real             maxweightrange;     /**< maximal valid range max(|weights|)/min(|weights|) of row weights */
   int                   maxtestdelta;       /**< maximal number of different deltas to try (-1: unlimited)  -- default separation */
   SCIP_Bool             trynegscaling;      /**< should negative values also be tested in scaling? */
   SCIP_Bool             fixintegralrhs;     /**< should an additional variable be complemented if f0 = 0? */
   SCIP_Bool             dynamiccuts;        /**< should generated cuts be removed from the LP if they are no longer tight? */
   int                   modeltype;          /**< model type of the network */
   int                   maxsepacuts;        /**< maximal number of cmir cuts separated per separation round */
   int                   maxsepacutsroot;    /**< maximal number of cmir cuts separated per separation round in root node -- default separation */
   SCIP_Real             maxinconsistencyratio; /**< maximum inconsistency ratio (inconsistencies/(arcs*commodities)) for separation at all*/
   SCIP_Real             maxarcinconsistencyratio; /**< maximum inconsistency ratio for arcs not to be deleted */
   SCIP_Bool             checkcutshoreconnectivity;/**< should we only separate if the cuts shores are connected */
   SCIP_Bool             separatesinglenodecuts; /**< should we separate inequalities based on single node cuts ? */
   SCIP_Bool             separateflowcutset; /**< should we separate flowcutset inequalities on the network cuts ? */
   SCIP_Bool             separateknapsack;   /**< should we separate knapsack cover inequalities on the network cuts ? */
   SCIP_Bool             lastroundsuccess;   /**< did we find a cut in the last round? */
   MCFEFFORTLEVEL        effortlevel;        /**< effort level of separation (off / aggressive / default) */
};

/** internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
struct mcfdata
{
   unsigned char*        flowrowsigns;       /**< potential or actual sides of rows to be used as flow conservation constraint */
   SCIP_Real*            flowrowscalars;     /**< scalar of rows to transform into +/-1 coefficients */
   SCIP_Real*            flowrowscores;      /**< score value indicating how sure we are that this is indeed a flow conservation constraint */
   unsigned char*        capacityrowsigns;   /**< potential or actual sides of rows to be used as capacity constraint */
   SCIP_Real*            capacityrowscores;  /**< score value indicating how sure we are that this is indeed a capacity constraint */
   int*                  flowcands;          /**< list of row indices that are candidates for flow conservation constraints */
   int                   nflowcands;         /**< number of elements in flow candidate list */
   int*                  capacitycands;      /**< list of row indices that are candidates for capacity constraints */
   int                   ncapacitycands;     /**< number of elements in capacity candidate list */
   SCIP_Bool*            plusflow;           /**< is column c member of a flow row with coefficient +1? */
   SCIP_Bool*            minusflow;          /**< is column c member of a flow row with coefficient -1? */
   int                   ncommodities;       /**< number of commodities */
   int                   nemptycommodities;  /**< number of commodities that have been discarded but still counted in 'ncommodities' */
   int*                  commoditysigns;     /**< +1: regular, -1: all arcs have opposite direction; 0: undecided */
   int                   commoditysignssize; /**< size of commoditysigns array */
   int*                  colcommodity;       /**< commodity number of each column, or -1 */
   int*                  rowcommodity;       /**< commodity number of each row, or -1 */
   int*                  colarcid;           /**< arc id of each flow column, or -1 */
   int*                  rowarcid;           /**< arc id of each capacity row, or -1 */
   int*                  rownodeid;          /**< node id of each flow conservation row, or -1 */
   int                   arcarraysize;       /**< size  of arrays indexed by arcs */
   int*                  arcsources;         /**< source node ids of arcs */
   int*                  arctargets;         /**< target node ids of arcs */
   int*                  colsources;         /**< source node for flow columns, -1 for non existing, -2 for unknown */
   int*                  coltargets;         /**< target node for flow columns, -1 for non existing, -2 for unknown */
   int*                  firstoutarcs;       /**< for each node the first arc id for which the node is the source node */
   int*                  firstinarcs;        /**< for each node the first arc id for which the node is the target node */
   int*                  nextoutarcs;        /**< for each arc the next outgoing arc in the adjacency list */
   int*                  nextinarcs;         /**< for each arc the next outgoing arc in the adjacency list */
   int*                  newcols;            /**< columns of current commodity that have to be inspected for incident flow conservation rows */
   int                   nnewcols;           /**< number of newcols */
   int                   narcs;              /**< number of arcs in the extracted graph */
   int                   nnodes;             /**< number of nodes in the extracted graph */
   SCIP_Real             ninconsistencies;   /**< number of inconsistencies between the commodity graphs */
   SCIP_ROW**            capacityrows;       /**< capacity row for each arc */
   int                   capacityrowssize;   /**< size of array */
   SCIP_Bool*            colisincident;      /**< temporary memory for column collection */
   int*                  zeroarcarray;       /**< temporary array of zeros */
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE     modeltype;          /**< model type that is used for this network extraction */
};
typedef struct mcfdata MCFDATA;              /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */

/** data structure to put a nodepair on the heap -- it holds node1 <= node2 */
struct nodepair
{
   int                   node1;              /**< index of the first node */
   int                   node2;              /**< index of the second node */
   SCIP_Real             weight;             /**< weight of the arc in the separation problem */
};
typedef struct nodepair NODEPAIRENTRY;

/** nodepair priority queue */
struct nodepairqueue
{
   SCIP_PQUEUE*          pqueue;             /**< priority queue of elements */
   NODEPAIRENTRY*        nodepairs;          /**< elements on the heap */
};
typedef struct nodepairqueue NODEPAIRQUEUE;

/** partitioning of the nodes into clusters */
struct nodepartition
{
   int*                  representatives;    /**< mapping of node ids to their representatives within their cluster */
   int*                  nodeclusters;       /**< cluster for each node id */
   int*                  clusternodes;       /**< node ids sorted by cluster */
   int*                  clusterbegin;       /**< first entry in clusternodes for each cluster (size: nclusters+1) */
   int                   nclusters;          /**< number of clusters */
};
typedef struct nodepartition NODEPARTITION;

/*
 * Local methods
 */

#define LHSPOSSIBLE     1u                   /**< we may use the constraint as lhs <= a*x */
#define RHSPOSSIBLE     2u                   /**< we may use the constraint as a*x <= rhs */
#define LHSASSIGNED     4u                   /**< we have chosen to use the constraint as lhs <= a*x */
#define RHSASSIGNED     8u                   /**< we have chosen to use the constraint as a*x <= rhs */
#define INVERTED       16u                   /**< we need to invert the row */
#define DISCARDED      32u                   /**< we have chosen to not use the constraint */
#define UNDIRECTED     64u                   /**< the capacity candidate has two flow variables for a commodity */


/** creates an empty MCF network data structure */
static
SCIP_RETCODE mcfnetworkCreate(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK**     mcfnetwork          /**< MCF network structure */
   )
{
   assert(mcfnetwork != NULL);

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemory(scip, mcfnetwork) );
   (*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowrows = NULL;
   (*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowscales = NULL;
   (*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowinverted = NULL;
   (*mcfnetwork)->arccapacityrows = NULL;
   (*mcfnetwork)->arccapacityscales = NULL;
   (*mcfnetwork)->arcsources = NULL;
   (*mcfnetwork)->arctargets = NULL;
   (*mcfnetwork)->colcommodity = NULL;
   (*mcfnetwork)->nnodes = 0;
   (*mcfnetwork)->nuncapacitatedarcs = 0;
   (*mcfnetwork)->narcs = 0;
   (*mcfnetwork)->ncommodities = 0;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** frees MCF network data structure */
static
SCIP_RETCODE mcfnetworkFree(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK**     mcfnetwork          /**< MCF network structure */
   )
{
   assert(mcfnetwork != NULL);

   if( *mcfnetwork != NULL )
   {
      int v;
      int a;

      for( v = 0; v < (*mcfnetwork)->nnodes; v++ )
      {
         int k;

         for( k = 0; k < (*mcfnetwork)->ncommodities; k++ )
         {
            if( (*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowrows[v][k] != NULL )
            {
               SCIP_CALL( SCIPreleaseRow(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowrows[v][k]) );
            }
         }
         SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowrows[v], (*mcfnetwork)->ncommodities);
         SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowscales[v], (*mcfnetwork)->ncommodities);
         SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowinverted[v], (*mcfnetwork)->ncommodities);
      }
      for( a = 0; a < (*mcfnetwork)->narcs; a++ )
      {
         if( (*mcfnetwork)->arccapacityrows[a] != NULL )
         {
            SCIP_CALL( SCIPreleaseRow(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->arccapacityrows[a]) );
         }
      }
      SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowrows, (*mcfnetwork)->nnodes);
      SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowscales, (*mcfnetwork)->nnodes);
      SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->nodeflowinverted, (*mcfnetwork)->nnodes);
      SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->arccapacityrows, (*mcfnetwork)->narcs);
      SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->arccapacityscales, (*mcfnetwork)->narcs);
      SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->arcsources, (*mcfnetwork)->narcs);
      SCIPfreeBlockMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->arctargets, (*mcfnetwork)->narcs);
      SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &(*mcfnetwork)->colcommodity);

      SCIPfreeBlockMemory(scip, mcfnetwork);
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** fills the MCF network structure with the MCF data */
static
SCIP_RETCODE mcfnetworkFill(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK*      mcfnetwork,         /**< MCF network structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   int*                  compnodeid,         /**< temporary storage for v -> compv mapping; must be set to -1 for all v */
   int*                  compnodes,          /**< array of node ids of the component */
   int                   ncompnodes,         /**< number of nodes in the component */
   int*                  comparcs,           /**< array of arc ids of the component */
   int                   ncomparcs           /**< number of arcs in the component */
   )
{
   unsigned char*    flowrowsigns     = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   SCIP_Real*        flowrowscalars   = mcfdata->flowrowscalars;
   unsigned char*    capacityrowsigns = mcfdata->capacityrowsigns;
   int*              flowcands        = mcfdata->flowcands;
   int               nflowcands       = mcfdata->nflowcands;
   int               ncommodities     = mcfdata->ncommodities;
   int*              commoditysigns   = mcfdata->commoditysigns;
   int*              colcommodity     = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int*              rowcommodity     = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
   int*              rownodeid        = mcfdata->rownodeid;
   SCIP_ROW**        capacityrows     = mcfdata->capacityrows;
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE modeltype        = mcfdata->modeltype;

   SCIP_Real* comdemands;
   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   SCIP_COL** cols;
   int nrows;
   int ncols;
   int* compcommodity;
   int ncompcommodities;
   int v;
   int a;
   int k;
   int i;
   int c;

   assert(mcfnetwork != NULL);
   assert(modeltype != SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_AUTO);
   assert(2 <= ncompnodes && ncompnodes <= mcfdata->nnodes);
   assert(1 <= ncomparcs && ncomparcs <= mcfdata->narcs);
   assert(ncommodities > 0);

#ifndef NDEBUG
   /* v -> compv mapping must be all -1 */
   for( v = 0; v < mcfdata->nnodes; v++ )
      assert(compnodeid[v] == -1);
#endif

   /* allocate temporary memory */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &comdemands, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &compcommodity, ncommodities) );

   /* initialize demand array */
   BMSclearMemoryArray(comdemands, ncommodities);

   /* initialize k -> compk mapping */
   for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
      compcommodity[k] = -1;

   /* get LP rows and cols data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPRowsData(scip, &rows, &nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPColsData(scip, &cols, &ncols) );

   /* generate v -> compv mapping */
   for( i = 0; i < ncompnodes; i++ )
   {
      v = compnodes[i];
      assert(0 <= v && v < mcfdata->nnodes);
      compnodeid[v] = i;
   }

   /* generate k -> compk mapping */
   ncompcommodities = 0;
   for( i = 0; i < nflowcands; i++ )
   {
      int r;
      int rv;

      r = flowcands[i];
      assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);

      rv = rownodeid[r];
      if( rv >= 0 && compnodeid[rv] >= 0 )
      {
         k = rowcommodity[r];
         assert(0 <= k && k < ncommodities);
         if( compcommodity[k] == -1 )
         {
            compcommodity[k] = ncompcommodities;
            ncompcommodities++;
         }
      }
   }

   /** @todo model type and flow type may be different for each component */
   /* record model and flow type */
   mcfnetwork->modeltype = modeltype;

   /* record network size */
   mcfnetwork->nnodes = ncompnodes;
   mcfnetwork->narcs = ncomparcs;
   mcfnetwork->nuncapacitatedarcs = 0;
   mcfnetwork->ncommodities = ncompcommodities;

   /* allocate memory for arrays and initialize with default values */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows, mcfnetwork->nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->nodeflowscales, mcfnetwork->nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->nodeflowinverted, mcfnetwork->nnodes) );
   for( v = 0; v < mcfnetwork->nnodes; v++ )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows[v], mcfnetwork->ncommodities) ); /*lint !e866*/
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->nodeflowscales[v], mcfnetwork->ncommodities) ); /*lint !e866*/
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->nodeflowinverted[v], mcfnetwork->ncommodities) ); /*lint !e866*/
      for( k = 0; k < mcfnetwork->ncommodities; k++ )
      {
         mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows[v][k] = NULL;
         mcfnetwork->nodeflowscales[v][k] = 0.0;
         mcfnetwork->nodeflowinverted[v][k] = FALSE;
      }
   }

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows, mcfnetwork->narcs) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales, mcfnetwork->narcs) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->arcsources, mcfnetwork->narcs) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBlockMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->arctargets, mcfnetwork->narcs) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfnetwork->colcommodity, ncols) );
   for( a = 0; a < mcfnetwork->narcs; a++ )
   {
      mcfnetwork->arcsources[a] = -1;
      mcfnetwork->arctargets[a] = -1;
   }
   BMSclearMemoryArray(mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows, mcfnetwork->narcs);
   BMSclearMemoryArray(mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales, mcfnetwork->narcs);
   BMSclearMemoryArray(mcfnetwork->colcommodity, mcfnetwork->ncommodities);

   /* fill in existing node data */
   for( i = 0; i < nflowcands; i++ )
   {
      int r;
      int rv;

      r = flowcands[i];
      assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);

      rv = rownodeid[r];
      if( rv >= 0 && compnodeid[rv] >= 0 )
      {
         SCIP_Real scale;
         int rk;

         v = compnodeid[rv];
         rk = rowcommodity[r];
         assert(v < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
         assert(0 <= rk && rk < ncommodities);
         assert((flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);

         k = compcommodity[rk];
         assert(0 <= k && k < mcfnetwork->ncommodities);

         /* fill in node -> row assignment */
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPcaptureRow(scip, rows[r]) );
         mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows[v][k] = rows[r];
         scale = flowrowscalars[r];
         if( (flowrowsigns[r] & LHSASSIGNED) != 0 )
            scale *= -1.0;
         if( commoditysigns[rk] == -1 )
            scale *= -1.0;
         mcfnetwork->nodeflowscales[v][k] = scale;
         mcfnetwork->nodeflowinverted[v][k] = ((flowrowsigns[r] & INVERTED) != 0);
      }
   }

   /* fill in existing arc data */
   for( a = 0; a < mcfnetwork->narcs; a++ )
   {
      SCIP_ROW* capacityrow;
      SCIP_COL** rowcols;
      SCIP_Real* rowvals;
      int rowlen;
      int globala;
      int r;
      int j;

      globala = comparcs[a];
      capacityrow = capacityrows[globala];

      mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales[a] = 1.0;

      /* If arc is capacitated */
      if( capacityrow != NULL)
      {
         r = SCIProwGetLPPos(capacityrow);
         assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
         assert((capacityrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);
         assert((capacityrowsigns[r] & INVERTED) == 0);
         assert(mcfdata->rowarcid[r] == globala);

         SCIP_CALL( SCIPcaptureRow(scip, capacityrow) );
         mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a] = capacityrow;

         /* Scale constraint such that the coefficients for the flow variables are normalized in such a way that coefficients in
          * multiple capacity constraints that belong to the same commodity are (hopefully) equal.
          * This is needed for binary flow variable models in which the demand of each commodity is stored as the coefficient in
          * the capacity constraints. Since it may happen (e.g., due to presolve) that different capacity constraints are scaled
          * differently, we need to find scaling factors to make the demand coefficients of each commodity equal.
          * To do this, we scale the first capacity constraint with +1 and then store the coefficients of the flow variables
          * as target demands for the commodities. Then, we scale the other constraints in such a way that these demands are hit, if possible.
          * Note that for continuous flow variable models, the coefficients in the capacity constraints are usually +1.0.
          * This is achieved automatically by our scaling routine.
          */
         rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(capacityrow);
         rowvals = SCIProwGetVals(capacityrow);
         rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(capacityrow);
         for( j = 0; j < rowlen; j++ )
         {
            c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[j]);
            assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
            k = colcommodity[c];
            if( k >= 0 )
            {
               if( comdemands[k] != 0.0 )
               {
                  /* update the scaling factor */
                  mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales[a] = comdemands[k]/rowvals[j];
                  break;
               }
            }
         }

         /* use negative scaling if we use the left hand side, use positive scaling if we use the right hand side */
         mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales[a] = ABS(mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales[a]);
         if( (capacityrowsigns[r] & LHSASSIGNED) != 0 )
            mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales[a] *= -1.0;

         /* record the commodity demands */
         for( j = 0; j < rowlen; j++ )
         {
            c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[j]);
            assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
            k = colcommodity[c];
            if( k >= 0 && comdemands[k] == 0.0 )
               comdemands[k] = mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales[a] * rowvals[j];
         }
      }
      else
      {
         /* arc is uncapacitated */
         mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a] = NULL;
         mcfnetwork->nuncapacitatedarcs++;
      }

      /* copy the source/target node assignment */
      if( mcfdata->arcsources[globala] >= 0 )
      {
         assert(mcfdata->arcsources[globala] < mcfdata->nnodes);
         assert(0 <= compnodeid[mcfdata->arcsources[globala]] && compnodeid[mcfdata->arcsources[globala]] < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
         mcfnetwork->arcsources[a] = compnodeid[mcfdata->arcsources[globala]];
      }
      if( mcfdata->arctargets[globala] >= 0 )
      {
         assert(mcfdata->arctargets[globala] < mcfdata->nnodes);
         assert(0 <= compnodeid[mcfdata->arctargets[globala]] && compnodeid[mcfdata->arctargets[globala]] < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
         mcfnetwork->arctargets[a] = compnodeid[mcfdata->arctargets[globala]];
      }
   }

   /* translate colcommodity array */
   for( c = 0; c < ncols; c++ )
   {
      k = colcommodity[c];
      if( k >= 0 )
         mcfnetwork->colcommodity[c] = compcommodity[k];
      else
         mcfnetwork->colcommodity[c] = -1;
   }

   /* reset v -> compv mapping */
   for( i = 0; i < ncompnodes; i++ )
   {
      assert(0 <= compnodes[i] && compnodes[i] < mcfdata->nnodes);
      assert(compnodeid[compnodes[i]] == i);
      compnodeid[compnodes[i]] = -1;
   }

   /* free temporary memory */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &compcommodity);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &comdemands);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
/** displays the MCF network */
static
void mcfnetworkPrint(
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK*      mcfnetwork          /**< MCF network structure */
   )
{
   if( mcfnetwork == NULL )
      MCFdebugMessage("MCF network is empty\n");
   else
   {
      int v;
      int a;

      for( v = 0; v < mcfnetwork->nnodes; v++ )
      {
         int k;

         MCFdebugMessage("node %2d:\n", v);
         for( k = 0; k < mcfnetwork->ncommodities; k++ )
         {
            MCFdebugMessage("  commodity %2d: ", k);
            if( mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows[v][k] != NULL )
            {
               MCFdebugMessage("<%s> [%+g] [inv:%u]\n", SCIProwGetName(mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows[v][k]),
                      mcfnetwork->nodeflowscales[v][k], mcfnetwork->nodeflowinverted[v][k]);
               /*SCIP_CALL( SCIProwPrint(mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows[v][k], NULL) );*/
            }
            else
               MCFdebugMessage("-\n");
         }
      }

      for( a = 0; a < mcfnetwork->narcs; a++ )
      {
         MCFdebugMessage("arc %2d [%2d -> %2d]: ", a, mcfnetwork->arcsources[a], mcfnetwork->arctargets[a]);
         if( mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a] != NULL )
         {
            MCFdebugMessage("<%s> [%+g]\n", SCIProwGetName(mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a]), mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales[a]);
            /*SCIProwPrint(mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a], NULL);*/
         }
         else
            MCFdebugMessage("-\n");
      }
   }
}

/** displays commodities and its members */
static
void printCommodities(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata             /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   )
{
   unsigned char* flowrowsigns     = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   unsigned char* capacityrowsigns = mcfdata->capacityrowsigns;
   int            ncommodities     = mcfdata->ncommodities;
   int*           commoditysigns   = mcfdata->commoditysigns;
   int*           colcommodity     = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int*           rowcommodity     = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
   int*           colarcid         = mcfdata->colarcid;
   int*           rownodeid        = mcfdata->rownodeid;
   int            nnodes           = mcfdata->nnodes;
   SCIP_ROW**     capacityrows     = mcfdata->capacityrows;

   SCIP_COL** cols;
   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   int ncols;
   int nrows;
   int k;
   int c;
   int r;
   int a;

   cols = SCIPgetLPCols(scip);
   ncols = SCIPgetNLPCols(scip);
   rows = SCIPgetLPRows(scip);
   nrows = SCIPgetNLPRows(scip);

   for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
   {
      MCFdebugMessage("commodity %d (sign: %+d):\n", k, commoditysigns[k]);

      for( c = 0; c < ncols; c++ )
      {
         if( colcommodity[c] == k )
            MCFdebugMessage(" col <%s>: arc %d\n", SCIPvarGetName(SCIPcolGetVar(cols[c])), colarcid != NULL ? colarcid[c] : -1);
      }
      for( r = 0; r < nrows; r++ )
      {
         if( rowcommodity[r] == k )
            MCFdebugMessage(" row <%s>: node %d [sign:%+d, inv:%+d]\n", SCIProwGetName(rows[r]), rownodeid != NULL ? rownodeid[r] : -1,
                   (flowrowsigns[r] & RHSASSIGNED) != 0 ? +1 : -1,
                   (flowrowsigns[r] & INVERTED) != 0 ? -1 : +1);
      }
      MCFdebugMessage("\n");
   }

   if( rownodeid != NULL )
   {
      int v;

      for( v = 0; v < nnodes; v++ )
      {
         MCFdebugMessage("node %d:\n", v);
         for( r = 0; r < nrows; r++ )
         {
            if( rownodeid[r] == v )
               MCFdebugMessage(" row <%s> [sign:%+d, inv:%+d]\n", SCIProwGetName(rows[r]),
                      (flowrowsigns[r] & RHSASSIGNED) != 0 ? +1 : -1,
                      (flowrowsigns[r] & INVERTED) != 0 ? -1 : +1);
         }
         MCFdebugMessage("\n");
      }
   }

   assert(capacityrows != NULL || mcfdata->narcs == 0);

   MCFdebugMessage("capacities:\n");
   for( a = 0; a < mcfdata->narcs; a++ )
   {
      MCFdebugMessage("  arc %d: ", a);
      if( capacityrows[a] != NULL ) /*lint !e613*/
      {
         r = SCIProwGetLPPos(capacityrows[a]); /*lint !e613*/
         assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
         if( (capacityrowsigns[r] & LHSASSIGNED) != 0 )
            MCFdebugMessage(" row <%s> [sign:-1]\n", SCIProwGetName(rows[r]));
         else if( (capacityrowsigns[r] & RHSASSIGNED) != 0 )
            MCFdebugMessage(" row <%s> [sign:+1]\n", SCIProwGetName(rows[r]));
      }
      else
         MCFdebugMessage(" -\n");
   }
   MCFdebugMessage("\n");

   assert(colcommodity != NULL || ncols == 0);

   MCFdebugMessage("unused columns:\n");
   for( c = 0; c < ncols; c++ )
   {
      if( colcommodity[c] == -1 ) /*lint !e613*/
      {
         SCIP_VAR* var = SCIPcolGetVar(cols[c]);
         MCFdebugMessage(" col <%s> [%g,%g]\n", SCIPvarGetName(var), SCIPvarGetLbGlobal(var), SCIPvarGetUbGlobal(var));
      }
   }
   MCFdebugMessage("\n");

   MCFdebugMessage("unused rows:\n");
   for( r = 0; r < nrows; r++ )
   {
      assert(rowcommodity != NULL);

      if( rowcommodity[r] == -1 && (capacityrowsigns == NULL || (capacityrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) == 0) )
      {
         MCFdebugMessage(" row <%s>\n", SCIProwGetName(rows[r]));
         /*SCIPdebug( SCIP_CALL(SCIPprintRow(scip, rows[r], NULL)) );*/
      }
   }
   MCFdebugMessage("\n");
}
#endif

/** comparator method for flow and capacity row candidates */
static
SCIP_DECL_SORTINDCOMP(compCands)
{
   SCIP_Real* rowscores = (SCIP_Real*)dataptr;

   if( rowscores[ind2] < rowscores[ind1] )
      return -1;
   else if( rowscores[ind2] > rowscores[ind1] )
      return +1;
   else
      return 0;
}

/** extracts flow conservation from the LP */
static
SCIP_RETCODE extractFlowRows(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata             /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   )
{
   unsigned char* flowrowsigns;
   SCIP_Real*     flowrowscalars;
   SCIP_Real*     flowrowscores;
   int*           flowcands;

   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   int nrows;
   int ncols;
   int r;

   SCIP_Real maxdualflow;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPRowsData(scip, &rows, &nrows) );
   ncols = SCIPgetNLPCols(scip);

   /* allocate temporary memory for extraction data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->flowrowsigns, nrows) ); /*lint !e685*/
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->flowrowscalars, nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->flowrowscores, nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->flowcands, nrows) );
   flowrowsigns      = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   flowrowscalars    = mcfdata->flowrowscalars;
   flowrowscores     = mcfdata->flowrowscores;
   flowcands         = mcfdata->flowcands;

   assert(mcfdata->nflowcands == 0);

   maxdualflow = 0.0;
   for( r = 0; r < nrows; r++ )
   {
      SCIP_ROW* row;
      SCIP_COL** rowcols;
      SCIP_Real* rowvals;
      SCIP_Real rowlhs;
      SCIP_Real rowrhs;
      int rowlen;
      int nbinvars;
      int nintvars;
      int nimplintvars;
      int ncontvars;
      SCIP_Real coef;
      SCIP_Bool hasposcoef;
      SCIP_Bool hasnegcoef;
      SCIP_Real absdualsol;
      int i;

      row = rows[r];
      assert(SCIProwGetLPPos(row) == r);

      /* get dual solution, if available */
      absdualsol = SCIProwGetDualsol(row);
      if( absdualsol == SCIP_INVALID ) /*lint !e777*/
         absdualsol = 0.0;
      absdualsol = ABS(absdualsol);

      flowrowsigns[r] = 0;
      flowrowscalars[r] = 0.0;
      flowrowscores[r] = 0.0;

      /* ignore modifiable rows */
      if( SCIProwIsModifiable(row) )
         continue;

      /* ignore empty rows */
      rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(row);
      if( rowlen == 0 )
         continue;

      /* No dense rows please */
      if( rowlen > MAXFLOWCANDDENSITY * ncols )
         continue;

      rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(row);
      rowvals = SCIProwGetVals(row);
      rowlhs  = SCIProwGetLhs(row) - SCIProwGetConstant(row);
      rowrhs  = SCIProwGetRhs(row) - SCIProwGetConstant(row);

      /* identify flow conservation constraints */
      coef = ABS(rowvals[0]);
      hasposcoef = FALSE;
      hasnegcoef = FALSE;
      nbinvars = 0;
      nintvars = 0;
      nimplintvars = 0;
      ncontvars = 0;
      for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
      {
         SCIP_Real absval = ABS(rowvals[i]);
         if( !SCIPisEQ(scip, absval, coef) )
            break;

         hasposcoef = hasposcoef || (rowvals[i] > 0.0);
         hasnegcoef = hasnegcoef || (rowvals[i] < 0.0);
         switch( SCIPvarGetType(SCIPcolGetVar(rowcols[i])) )
         {
         case SCIP_VARTYPE_BINARY:
            nbinvars++;
            break;
         case SCIP_VARTYPE_INTEGER:
            nintvars++;
            break;
         case SCIP_VARTYPE_IMPLINT:
            nimplintvars++;
            break;
         case SCIP_VARTYPE_CONTINUOUS:
               ncontvars++;
               break;
         default:
            SCIPerrorMessage("unknown variable type\n");
            SCIPABORT();
            return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;  /*lint !e527*/
         }
      }
      if( i == rowlen )
      {
         /* Flow conservation constraints should always be a*x <= -d.
          * If lhs and rhs are finite, both sides are still valid candidates.
          */
         if( !SCIPisInfinity(scip, -rowlhs) )
            flowrowsigns[r] |= LHSPOSSIBLE;
         if( !SCIPisInfinity(scip, rowrhs) )
            flowrowsigns[r] |= RHSPOSSIBLE;
         flowrowscalars[r] = 1.0/coef;
         flowcands[mcfdata->nflowcands] = r;
         mcfdata->nflowcands++;
      }

      /* calculate flow row score */
      if( (flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE)) != 0 )
      {
         /* row does not need to be scaled: score +1000 */
         if( SCIPisEQ(scip, flowrowscalars[r], 1.0) )
            flowrowscores[r] += 1000.0;

         /* row has positive and negative coefficients: score +500 */
         if( hasposcoef && hasnegcoef )
            flowrowscores[r] += 500.0;

         /* all variables are of the same type:
          *    continuous: score +1000
          *    integer:    score  +500
          *    binary:     score  +100
          */
         if( ncontvars == rowlen )
            flowrowscores[r] += 1000.0;
         else if( nintvars + nimplintvars == rowlen )
            flowrowscores[r] += 500.0;
         else if( nbinvars == rowlen )
            flowrowscores[r] += 100.0;

         /* the longer the row, the earlier we want to process it: score +10*len/(len+10) */
         /* value is in [1,10) */
         flowrowscores[r] += 10.0*rowlen/(rowlen+10.0);

         /* row is an equation: score +50, tie-breaking */
         if( (flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE)) == (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE) )
            flowrowscores[r] += 50.0;

         assert(flowrowscores[r] > 0.0);

         /* update maximum dual solution value for additional score tie breaking */
         maxdualflow = MAX(maxdualflow, absdualsol);

         /** @todo go through list of several model types, depending on the current model type throw away invalid constraints
          *       instead of assigning a low score
          */
      }
   }

   /* apply additional score tie breaking using the dual solutions */
   if( SCIPisPositive(scip, maxdualflow) )
   {
      int i;

      for( i = 0; i < mcfdata->nflowcands; i++ )
      {
         SCIP_Real dualsol;

         r = flowcands[i];
         assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
         dualsol = SCIProwGetDualsol(rows[r]);
         if( dualsol == SCIP_INVALID ) /*lint !e777*/
            dualsol = 0.0;
         else if( flowrowsigns[r] == (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE) )
            dualsol = ABS(dualsol);
         else if( flowrowsigns[r] == RHSPOSSIBLE )
            dualsol = -dualsol;
         assert(maxdualflow > 0.0); /*for flexelint*/
         flowrowscores[r] += dualsol/maxdualflow + 1.0;
         assert(flowrowscores[r] > 0.0);
      }
   }

   /* sort candidates by score */
   SCIPsortInd(mcfdata->flowcands, compCands, (void*)flowrowscores, mcfdata->nflowcands);

   MCFdebugMessage("flow conservation candidates [%d]\n", mcfdata->nflowcands);
#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
   for( r = 0; r < mcfdata->nflowcands; r++ )
   {
      /*SCIPdebug( SCIP_CALL(SCIPprintRow(scip, rows[mcfdata->flowcands[r]], NULL)) );*/
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "%4d [score: %2g]: %s\n", mcfdata->flowcands[r], flowrowscores[mcfdata->flowcands[r]],
                       SCIProwGetName(rows[mcfdata->flowcands[r]]));
   }
#endif

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** extracts capacity rows from the LP */
static
SCIP_RETCODE extractCapacityRows(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata             /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   )
{
   unsigned char*    flowrowsigns       = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   int*              colcommodity       = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int               ncommodities       = mcfdata->ncommodities;
   int               nactivecommodities = mcfdata->ncommodities - mcfdata->nemptycommodities;
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE modeltype          = mcfdata->modeltype;

   unsigned char* capacityrowsigns;
   SCIP_Real*     capacityrowscores;
   int*           capacitycands;

   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   int nrows;
   int r;

   SCIP_Real maxdualcapacity;
   int maxcolspercommoditylimit;
   int *ncolspercommodity;
   int *maxcolspercommodity;
   SCIP_Real directedcandsscore;
   SCIP_Real undirectedcandsscore;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPRowsData(scip, &rows, &nrows) );

   /* allocate temporary memory for extraction data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->capacityrowsigns, nrows) ); /*lint !e685*/
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->capacityrowscores, nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->capacitycands, nrows) );
   capacityrowsigns  = mcfdata->capacityrowsigns;
   capacityrowscores = mcfdata->capacityrowscores;
   capacitycands     = mcfdata->capacitycands;

   assert(mcfdata->ncapacitycands == 0);

   /* allocate temporary memory for model type identification */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &ncolspercommodity, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &maxcolspercommodity, nrows) );

   /* identify model type and set the maximal number of flow variables per capacity constraint and commodity */
   switch( modeltype )
   {
      case SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_AUTO:
         maxcolspercommoditylimit = 2; /* will be set to 1 later if we detect that the network is directed */
         break;
      case SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED:
         maxcolspercommoditylimit = 1;
         break;
      case SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED:
         maxcolspercommoditylimit = 2;
         break;
      default:
         SCIPerrorMessage("invalid parameter value %d for model type\n", modeltype);
         return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;
   }

   maxdualcapacity = 0.0;
   directedcandsscore = 0.0;
   undirectedcandsscore = 0.0;
   for( r = 0; r < nrows; r++ )
   {
      SCIP_ROW* row;
      SCIP_COL** rowcols;
      SCIP_Real* rowvals;
      SCIP_Real rowlhs;
      SCIP_Real rowrhs;
      int rowlen;
      int nposflowcoefs;
      int nnegflowcoefs;
      int nposcapacitycoefs;
      int nnegcapacitycoefs;
      int nbadcoefs;
      int ncoveredcommodities;
      SCIP_Real sameflowcoef;
      SCIP_Real sameabsflowcoef;
      SCIP_Real maxabscapacitycoef;
      SCIP_Real absdualsol;
      unsigned char rowsign;
      int i;

      row = rows[r];
      assert(SCIProwGetLPPos(row) == r);

      capacityrowsigns[r] = 0;
      capacityrowscores[r] = 0.0;

      /* ignore modifiable rows */
      if( SCIProwIsModifiable(row) )
         continue;

      /* ignore empty rows */
      rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(row);
      if( rowlen == 0 )
         continue;

      /* ignore rows that have already been used as flow conservation constraints */
      if( (flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0 )
         continue;

      /* get dual solution, if available */
      absdualsol = SCIProwGetDualsol(row);
      if( absdualsol == SCIP_INVALID ) /*lint !e777*/
         absdualsol = 0.0;
      absdualsol = ABS(absdualsol);

      rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(row);
      rowvals = SCIProwGetVals(row);
      rowlhs = SCIProwGetLhs(row) - SCIProwGetConstant(row);
      rowrhs = SCIProwGetRhs(row) - SCIProwGetConstant(row);

      /* reset commodity counting array */
      BMSclearMemoryArray(ncolspercommodity, ncommodities);
      maxcolspercommodity[r] = 0;

      /* identify capacity constraints */
      nposflowcoefs = 0;
      nnegflowcoefs = 0;
      nposcapacitycoefs = 0;
      nnegcapacitycoefs = 0;
      nbadcoefs = 0;
      ncoveredcommodities = 0;
      sameflowcoef = 0.0;
      sameabsflowcoef = 0.0;
      maxabscapacitycoef = 0.0;

      rowsign = 0;
      if( !SCIPisInfinity(scip, -rowlhs) )
         rowsign |= LHSPOSSIBLE;
      if( !SCIPisInfinity(scip, rowrhs) )
         rowsign |= RHSPOSSIBLE;
      for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
      {
         int c;
         int k;

         c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
         assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

         /* check if this is a flow variable */
         k = colcommodity[c];
         assert(-1 <= k && k < ncommodities);
         if( k >= 0 )
         {
            SCIP_Real abscoef;

            abscoef = ABS(rowvals[i]);
            if( sameflowcoef == 0.0 )
               sameflowcoef = rowvals[i];
            else if( !SCIPisEQ(scip, sameflowcoef, rowvals[i]) )
               sameflowcoef = SCIP_REAL_MAX;
            if( sameabsflowcoef == 0.0 )
               sameabsflowcoef = abscoef;
            else if( !SCIPisEQ(scip, sameabsflowcoef, abscoef) )
               sameabsflowcoef = SCIP_REAL_MAX;

            if( rowvals[i] > 0.0 )
               nposflowcoefs++;
            else
               nnegflowcoefs++;

            /* count number of covered commodities in capacity candidate */
            if( ncolspercommodity[k] == 0 )
               ncoveredcommodities++;
            ncolspercommodity[k]++;
            maxcolspercommodity[r] = MAX(maxcolspercommodity[r], ncolspercommodity[k]);

            if( ncolspercommodity[k] >= 2 )
               capacityrowsigns[r] |= UNDIRECTED;
         }
         else
/*             if( SCIPvarGetType(SCIPcolGetVar(rowcols[i])) != SCIP_VARTYPE_CONTINUOUS ) */
         {
            SCIP_Real abscoef;

            /* save maximal capacity coef*/
            abscoef = ABS(rowvals[i]);
            if( abscoef > maxabscapacitycoef )
               maxabscapacitycoef = abscoef;

            /* a variable which is not a flow variable can be used as capacity variable */
            if( rowvals[i] > 0.0 )
               nposcapacitycoefs++;
            else
               nnegcapacitycoefs++;

            /* a continuous variable is considered to be not so nice*/
            if( SCIPvarGetType(SCIPcolGetVar(rowcols[i])) == SCIP_VARTYPE_CONTINUOUS )
               nbadcoefs++;
         }
      }

      /* check if this is a valid capacity constraint */
      /* it has at least one flow variable */
      if( rowsign != 0 && nposflowcoefs + nnegflowcoefs > 0 )
      {
         SCIP_Real commodityexcessratio;

         capacityrowsigns[r] |= rowsign;
         capacitycands[mcfdata->ncapacitycands] = r;
         mcfdata->ncapacitycands++;

         /* calculate capacity row score */
         capacityrowscores[r] = 1.0;

         /* calculate mean commodity excess: in the (un)directed case there should be exactly */
         /* one (two) flow variable per commodity. in this case commodityexcessratio = 0   */
         assert(ncoveredcommodities > 0);
         commodityexcessratio =
               ABS((nposflowcoefs + nnegflowcoefs)/(SCIP_Real)ncoveredcommodities - maxcolspercommoditylimit);

         capacityrowscores[r] += 1000.0 * MAX(0.0, 2.0 - commodityexcessratio);

         /* row has at most 'maxcolspercommoditylimit' columns per commodity: score +1000 */
/*         if( maxcolspercommodity[r] <= maxcolspercommoditylimit )
            capacityrowscores[r] += 1000.0;*/

         /* row is of type f - c*x <= b: score +1000 */
         if( (capacityrowsigns[r] & RHSPOSSIBLE) != 0 && nnegflowcoefs == 0 && nposcapacitycoefs == 0 && nnegcapacitycoefs > 0 )
            capacityrowscores[r] += 1000.0;
         if( (capacityrowsigns[r] & LHSPOSSIBLE) != 0 && nposflowcoefs == 0 && nposcapacitycoefs > 0 && nnegcapacitycoefs == 0 )
            capacityrowscores[r] += 1000.0;

         /* row has no continuous variables that are not flow variables: score +1000 */
/*         if( nbadcoefs == 0 )
            capacityrowscores[r] += 1000.0;*/

         /* almost all commodities are covered: score +2000*ncoveredcommodities/(nactivecommodities+3)
          * use slightly increased denominator in order to not increase score too much for very few commodities
          */
         assert(nactivecommodities + 3 > 0);
         capacityrowscores[r] += 2000.0 * ncoveredcommodities/(SCIP_Real)(nactivecommodities + 3);

         /* all coefficients of flow variables are +1 or all are -1: score +500 */
         if( SCIPisEQ(scip, ABS(sameflowcoef), 1.0) )
            capacityrowscores[r] += 500.0;

         /* all coefficients of flow variables are equal: score +250 */
         if( sameflowcoef != 0.0 && sameflowcoef != SCIP_REAL_MAX ) /*lint !e777*/
            capacityrowscores[r] += 250.0;

         /* all coefficients of flow variables are +1 or -1: score +100 */
         if( SCIPisEQ(scip, sameabsflowcoef, 1.0) )
            capacityrowscores[r] += 100.0;

         /* there is at least one capacity variable with coefficient not equal to +/-1: score +100 */
         if( maxabscapacitycoef > 0.0 && !SCIPisEQ(scip, maxabscapacitycoef, 1.0) )
            capacityrowscores[r] += 100.0;

         /* flow coefficients are mostly of the same sign: score +20*max(npos,nneg)/(npos+nneg) */
         capacityrowscores[r] += 20.0 * MAX(nposflowcoefs, nnegflowcoefs)/MAX(1.0,(SCIP_Real)(nposflowcoefs + nnegflowcoefs));

         /* capacity coefficients are mostly of the same sign: score +10*max(npos,nneg)/(npos+nneg+1) */
         capacityrowscores[r] += 10.0 * MAX(nposcapacitycoefs, nnegcapacitycoefs)/(SCIP_Real)(nposcapacitycoefs+nnegcapacitycoefs+1.0);

         /* row is a <= row with non-negative right hand side: score +10 */
         if( (capacityrowsigns[r] & RHSPOSSIBLE) != 0 && !SCIPisNegative(scip, rowrhs)  )
            capacityrowscores[r] += 10.0;

         /* row is an inequality: score +10 */
         if( SCIPisInfinity(scip, -rowlhs) != SCIPisInfinity(scip, rowrhs) )
            capacityrowscores[r] += 10.0;

         assert(capacityrowscores[r] > 0.0);
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "row <%s>: maxcolspercommodity=%d capacityrowsign=%d nposflowcoefs=%d nnegflowcoefs=%d nposcapacitycoefs=%d nnegcapacitycoefs=%d nbadcoefs=%d nactivecommodities=%d sameflowcoef=%g -> score=%g\n",
                          SCIProwGetName(row), maxcolspercommodity[r], capacityrowsigns[r], nposflowcoefs, nnegflowcoefs, nposcapacitycoefs, nnegcapacitycoefs, nbadcoefs, nactivecommodities, sameflowcoef, capacityrowscores[r]);

         /* update maximum dual solution value for additional score tie breaking */
         maxdualcapacity = MAX(maxdualcapacity, absdualsol);

         /* if the model type should be detected automatically, count the number of directed and undirected capacity candidates */
         if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_AUTO )
         {
            assert(maxcolspercommoditylimit == 2);
            if( (capacityrowsigns[r] & UNDIRECTED) != 0 )
               undirectedcandsscore += capacityrowscores[r];
            else
               directedcandsscore += capacityrowscores[r];
         }
      }
      else
      {
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "row <%s>: rowsign = %d  nposflowcoefs = %d  nnegflowcoefs = %d -> discard\n",
                          SCIProwGetName(row), rowsign, nposflowcoefs, nnegflowcoefs);
      }
   }

   /* if the model type should be detected automatically, decide it by a majority vote */
   if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_AUTO )
   {
      if( directedcandsscore > undirectedcandsscore )
         modeltype = SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED;
      else
         modeltype = SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED;

      MCFdebugMessage("detected model type: %s (%g directed score, %g undirected score)\n",
                      modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED ? "directed" : "undirected", directedcandsscore, undirectedcandsscore);

      if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED )
      {
         int i;

         /* discard all undirected arcs */
         for( i = 0; i < mcfdata->ncapacitycands; i++ )
         {
            r = capacitycands[i];
            assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
            if( (capacityrowsigns[r] & UNDIRECTED) != 0 )
            {
               /* reduce the score of the undirected row in the directed model */
               if( maxcolspercommodity[r] <= maxcolspercommoditylimit )
                  capacityrowscores[r] -= 1000.0;
            }
         }
      }

      /* record the detected model type */
      mcfdata->modeltype = modeltype;
   }

   /* apply additional score tie breaking using the dual solutions */
   if( SCIPisPositive(scip, maxdualcapacity) )
   {
      int i;

      for( i = 0; i < mcfdata->ncapacitycands; i++ )
      {
         SCIP_Real dualsol;

         r = capacitycands[i];
         assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
         dualsol = SCIProwGetDualsol(rows[r]);
         if( dualsol == SCIP_INVALID ) /*lint !e777*/
            dualsol = 0.0;
         else if( capacityrowsigns[r] == (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE) )
            dualsol = ABS(dualsol);
         else if( capacityrowsigns[r] == RHSPOSSIBLE )
            dualsol = -dualsol;
         assert(maxdualcapacity > 0.0); /*for flexelint*/
         capacityrowscores[r] += MAX(dualsol, 0.0)/maxdualcapacity;
         assert(capacityrowscores[r] > 0.0);
      }
   }

   /* sort candidates by score */
   SCIPsortInd(mcfdata->capacitycands, compCands, (void*)capacityrowscores, mcfdata->ncapacitycands);

   MCFdebugMessage("capacity candidates [%d]\n", mcfdata->ncapacitycands);
#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
   for( r = 0; r < mcfdata->ncapacitycands; r++ )
   {
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "row %4d [score: %2g]: %s\n", mcfdata->capacitycands[r],
                       capacityrowscores[mcfdata->capacitycands[r]], SCIProwGetName(rows[mcfdata->capacitycands[r]]));
      /*SCIPdebug( SCIP_CALL(SCIPprintRow(scip, rows[mcfdata->capacitycands[r]], NULL)) );*/
   }
#endif

   /* free temporary memory */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &maxcolspercommodity);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &ncolspercommodity);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a new commodity */
static
SCIP_RETCODE createNewCommodity(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata             /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   )
{
   /* get memory for commoditysigns array */
   assert(mcfdata->ncommodities <= mcfdata->commoditysignssize);
   if( mcfdata->ncommodities == mcfdata->commoditysignssize )
   {
      mcfdata->commoditysignssize = MAX(2*mcfdata->commoditysignssize, mcfdata->ncommodities+1);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPreallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->commoditysigns, mcfdata->commoditysignssize) );
   }
   assert(mcfdata->ncommodities < mcfdata->commoditysignssize);

   /* create commodity */
   SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "**** creating new commodity %d ****\n", mcfdata->ncommodities);
   mcfdata->commoditysigns[mcfdata->ncommodities] = 0;
   mcfdata->ncommodities++;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a new arc */
static
SCIP_RETCODE createNewArc(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   int                   source,             /**< source of new arc */
   int                   target,             /**< target of new arc */
   int*                  newarcid            /**< pointer to store id of new arc */
   )
{
   assert(source != target );
   assert(0 <= source && source < mcfdata->nnodes);
   assert(0 <= target && target < mcfdata->nnodes);
   assert(newarcid != NULL);

   *newarcid = mcfdata->narcs;

   /* get memory for arrays indexed by arcs */
   assert(mcfdata->narcs <= mcfdata->arcarraysize);
   if( mcfdata->narcs == mcfdata->arcarraysize )
   {
      mcfdata->arcarraysize = MAX(2*mcfdata->arcarraysize, mcfdata->narcs+1);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPreallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->arcsources, mcfdata->arcarraysize) );
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPreallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->arctargets, mcfdata->arcarraysize) );
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPreallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->nextinarcs, mcfdata->arcarraysize) );
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPreallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->nextoutarcs, mcfdata->arcarraysize) );
   }
   assert(mcfdata->narcs < mcfdata->arcarraysize);

   /* capacityrows is a special case since it is used earlier */
   if( mcfdata->capacityrowssize < mcfdata->arcarraysize )
   {
      mcfdata->capacityrowssize = mcfdata->arcarraysize;
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPreallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->capacityrows, mcfdata->capacityrowssize) );
   }
   assert(mcfdata->narcs < mcfdata->capacityrowssize);

   /* create new arc */
   SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "**** creating new arc %d: %d -> %d ****\n", mcfdata->narcs, source, target);

   mcfdata->arcsources[*newarcid]   = source;
   mcfdata->arctargets[*newarcid]   = target;
   mcfdata->nextoutarcs[*newarcid]  = mcfdata->firstoutarcs[source];
   mcfdata->firstoutarcs[source]    = *newarcid;
   mcfdata->nextinarcs[*newarcid]   = mcfdata->firstinarcs[target];
   mcfdata->firstinarcs[target]     = *newarcid;
   mcfdata->capacityrows[*newarcid] = NULL;

   mcfdata->narcs++;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** adds the given flow row and all involved columns to the current commodity */
static
void addFlowrowToCommodity(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   SCIP_ROW*             row,                /**< flow row to add to current commodity */
   unsigned char         rowsign,            /**< possible flow row signs to use */
   int*                  comcolids,          /**< array of column indices of columns in commodity */
   int*                  ncomcolids          /**< pointer to number of columns in commodity */
   )
{
   unsigned char* flowrowsigns   = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   SCIP_Bool*     plusflow       = mcfdata->plusflow;
   SCIP_Bool*     minusflow      = mcfdata->minusflow;
   int            ncommodities   = mcfdata->ncommodities;
   int*           commoditysigns = mcfdata->commoditysigns;
   int*           colcommodity   = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int*           rowcommodity   = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
   int*           newcols        = mcfdata->newcols;

   SCIP_COL** rowcols;
   SCIP_Real* rowvals;
   int rowlen;
   int rowscale;
   SCIP_Bool invertrow;
   int r;
   int k;
   int i;

   assert(comcolids != NULL);
   assert(ncomcolids != NULL);

   k = ncommodities-1;
   assert(k >= 0);

   r = SCIProwGetLPPos(row);
   assert(r >= 0);

   /* check if row has to be inverted */
   invertrow = ((rowsign & INVERTED) != 0);
   rowsign &= ~INVERTED;

   assert(rowcommodity[r] == -1);
   assert((flowrowsigns[r] | rowsign) == flowrowsigns[r]);
   assert((rowsign & (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE)) == rowsign);
   assert(rowsign != 0);

   /* if the row is only usable as flow row in one direction, we cannot change the sign
    * of the whole commodity anymore
    */
   if( (flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE)) != (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE) )
      commoditysigns[k] = +1; /* we cannot switch directions */

   /* decide the sign (direction) of the row */
   if( rowsign == LHSPOSSIBLE )
      rowsign = LHSASSIGNED;
   else if( rowsign == RHSPOSSIBLE )
      rowsign = RHSASSIGNED;
   else
   {
      SCIP_Real dualsol = SCIProwGetDualsol(row);

      assert(rowsign == (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE));

      /* if we have a valid non-zero dual solution, choose the side which is tight */
      if( !SCIPisZero(scip, dualsol) && dualsol != SCIP_INVALID ) /*lint !e777*/
      {
         if( dualsol > 0.0 )
            rowsign = LHSASSIGNED;
         else
            rowsign = RHSASSIGNED;
      }
      else
      {
         SCIP_Real rowlhs = SCIProwGetLhs(row) - SCIProwGetConstant(row);
         SCIP_Real rowrhs = SCIProwGetRhs(row) - SCIProwGetConstant(row);

         /* choose row sign such that we get a*x <= -d with d non-negative */
         if( rowrhs < 0.0 )
            rowsign = RHSASSIGNED;
         else if( rowlhs > 0.0 )
            rowsign = LHSASSIGNED;
         else
            rowsign = RHSASSIGNED; /* if we are still undecided, choose rhs */
      }
   }
   if( rowsign == RHSASSIGNED )
      rowscale = +1;
   else
      rowscale = -1;

   /* reintroduce inverted flag */
   if( invertrow )
   {
      rowsign |= INVERTED;
      rowscale *= -1;
   }
   flowrowsigns[r] |= rowsign;

   SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "adding flow row %d <%s> with sign %+d%s to commodity %d [score:%g]\n",
                    r, SCIProwGetName(row), rowscale, (rowsign & INVERTED) != 0 ? " (inverted)" : "",
                    k, mcfdata->flowrowscores[r]);
   /*SCIPdebug( SCIP_CALL(SCIPprintRow(scip, row, NULL)) );*/

   /* add row to commodity */
   rowcommodity[r] = k;
   rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(row);
   rowvals = SCIProwGetVals(row);
   rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(row);
   for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
   {
      SCIP_Real val;
      int c;

      c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
      assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

      /* assign column to commodity */
      if( colcommodity[c] == -1 )
      {
         assert(!plusflow[c]);
         assert(!minusflow[c]);
         assert(mcfdata->nnewcols < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
         colcommodity[c] = k;
         newcols[mcfdata->nnewcols] = c;
         mcfdata->nnewcols++;
         comcolids[*ncomcolids] = c;
         (*ncomcolids)++;
      }
      assert(colcommodity[c] == k);

      /* update plusflow/minusflow */
      val = rowscale * rowvals[i];
      if( val > 0.0 )
      {
         assert(!plusflow[c]);
         plusflow[c] = TRUE;
      }
      else
      {
         assert(!minusflow[c]);
         minusflow[c] = TRUE;
      }
   }
}

/* inverts the lhs/rhs assignment of all rows in the given commodity */
static
void invertCommodity(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   int                   k,                  /**< commodity that the flow row should enter */
   SCIP_ROW**            comrows,            /**< flow rows in commodity k */
   int                   ncomrows,           /**< number of flow rows (number of nodes) in commodity k */
   int*                  comcolids,          /**< column indices of columns in commodity k */
   int                   ncomcolids          /**< number of columns in commodity k */
   )
{
   unsigned char* flowrowsigns = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   SCIP_Bool*     plusflow     = mcfdata->plusflow;
   SCIP_Bool*     minusflow    = mcfdata->minusflow;

   int i;

   assert(mcfdata->commoditysigns[k] == 0);
   assert(comrows != NULL || ncomrows == 0);
   assert(comcolids != NULL);

   /* switch assignments of rows */
   for( i = 0; i < ncomrows; i++ )
   {
      SCIP_ROW* row;
      int r;
      unsigned char rowsign;

      assert(comrows != NULL);
      row = comrows[i];
      assert( row != NULL );
      r = SCIProwGetLPPos(row);
      assert(0 <= r && r < SCIPgetNLPRows(scip));
      assert(mcfdata->rowcommodity[r] == k);
      assert(!SCIPisInfinity(scip, -SCIProwGetLhs(row)));
      assert(!SCIPisInfinity(scip, SCIProwGetRhs(row)));

      rowsign = flowrowsigns[r];
      assert((rowsign & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);
      assert((rowsign & INVERTED) == 0);

      flowrowsigns[r] &= ~(LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED);
      if( (rowsign & LHSASSIGNED) != 0 )
         flowrowsigns[r] |= RHSASSIGNED;
      else
         flowrowsigns[r] |= LHSASSIGNED;
   }

   /* switch plus/minusflow of columns of the given commodity */
   for( i = 0; i < ncomcolids; i++ )
   {
      int c;
      SCIP_Bool tmp;

      c = comcolids[i];
      assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
      assert(mcfdata->colcommodity[c] == k);

      tmp = plusflow[c];
      plusflow[c] = minusflow[c];
      minusflow[c] = tmp;
   }
}

/** deletes a commodity and removes the flow rows again from the system */
static
void deleteCommodity(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   int                   k,                  /**< commodity to delete */
   SCIP_ROW**            comrows,            /**< flow rows of the commodity */
   int                   nrows,              /**< number of flow rows in the commodity */
   int*                  ndelflowrows,       /**< pointer to store number of flow rows in deleted commodity */
   int*                  ndelflowvars        /**< pointer to store number of flow vars in deleted commodity */
   )
{
   unsigned char* flowrowsigns = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   SCIP_Bool*     plusflow     = mcfdata->plusflow;
   SCIP_Bool*     minusflow    = mcfdata->minusflow;
   int            ncommodities = mcfdata->ncommodities;
   int*           colcommodity = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int*           rowcommodity = mcfdata->rowcommodity;

   int n;

   assert(0 <= k && k < ncommodities);

   assert( ndelflowrows != NULL );
   assert( ndelflowvars != NULL );

   SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "deleting commodity %d (%d total commodities) with %d flow rows\n", k, ncommodities, nrows);

   *ndelflowrows = 0;
   *ndelflowvars = 0;

   for( n = 0; n < nrows; n++ )
   {
      SCIP_ROW* row;
      SCIP_COL** rowcols;
      int rowlen;
      int r;
      int i;

      row = comrows[n];
      r = SCIProwGetLPPos(row);
      assert(r >= 0);
      assert(rowcommodity[r] == k);
      assert((flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);

      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> removing row <%s> from commodity\n", SCIProwGetName(row));

      /* remove the lhs/rhs assignment and the inverted flag */
      flowrowsigns[r] &= ~(LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED | INVERTED);

      /* remove row from commodity */
      rowcommodity[r] = -1;
      rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(row);
      rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(row);
      for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
      {
         int c;

         c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
         assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

         /* remove column from commodity */
         assert(colcommodity[c] == k || colcommodity[c] == -1);
         if(colcommodity[c] == k)
            (*ndelflowvars)++;
         colcommodity[c] = -1;

         /* reset plusflow/minusflow */
         plusflow[c] = FALSE;
         minusflow[c] = FALSE;
      }

      (*ndelflowrows)++;
   }

   /* get rid of commodity if it is the last one; otherwise, just leave it
    * as an empty commodity which will be discarded later
    */
   if( k == ncommodities-1 )
      mcfdata->ncommodities--;
   else
      mcfdata->nemptycommodities++;
}

/** checks whether the given row fits into the given commodity and returns the possible flow row signs */
static
void getFlowrowFit(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   SCIP_ROW*             row,                /**< flow row to check */
   int                   k,                  /**< commodity that the flow row should enter */
   unsigned char*        rowsign,            /**< pointer to store the possible flow row signs */
   SCIP_Bool*            invertcommodity     /**< pointer to store whether the commodity has to be inverted to accommodate the row */
   )
{
   unsigned char* flowrowsigns   = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   SCIP_Bool*     plusflow       = mcfdata->plusflow;
   SCIP_Bool*     minusflow      = mcfdata->minusflow;
   int*           colcommodity   = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int*           rowcommodity   = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
   int*           commoditysigns = mcfdata->commoditysigns;

   SCIP_COL** rowcols;
   SCIP_Real* rowvals;
   int rowlen;
   unsigned char flowrowsign;
   unsigned char invflowrowsign;
   int r;
   int j;

   assert(invertcommodity != NULL);

   *rowsign = 0;
   *invertcommodity = FALSE;

   r = SCIProwGetLPPos(row);
   assert(0 <= r && r < SCIPgetNLPRows(scip));

   /* ignore rows that are already used */
   if( rowcommodity[r] != -1 )
      return;

   /* check if row is an available flow row */
   flowrowsign = flowrowsigns[r];
   assert((flowrowsign & (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE | DISCARDED)) == flowrowsign);
   if( (flowrowsign & DISCARDED) != 0 )
      return;
   if( (flowrowsign & (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE)) == 0 )
      return;
   invflowrowsign = flowrowsign;

   /* check whether the row fits w.r.t. the signs of the coefficients */
   rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(row);
   rowvals = SCIProwGetVals(row);
   rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(row);
   for( j = 0; j < rowlen && (flowrowsign != 0 || invflowrowsign != 0); j++ )
   {
      int rowc;

      rowc = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[j]);
      assert(0 <= rowc && rowc < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

      /* check if column already belongs to the same commodity */
      if( colcommodity[rowc] == k )
      {
         /* column only fits if it is not yet present with the same sign */
         if( plusflow[rowc] )
         {
            /* column must not be included with positive sign */
            if( rowvals[j] > 0.0 )
            {
               flowrowsign &= ~RHSPOSSIBLE;
               invflowrowsign &= ~LHSPOSSIBLE;
            }
            else
            {
               flowrowsign &= ~LHSPOSSIBLE;
               invflowrowsign &= ~RHSPOSSIBLE;
            }
         }
         if( minusflow[rowc] )
         {
            /* column must not be included with negative sign */
            if( rowvals[j] > 0.0 )
            {
               flowrowsign &= ~LHSPOSSIBLE;
               invflowrowsign &= ~RHSPOSSIBLE;
            }
            else
            {
               flowrowsign &= ~RHSPOSSIBLE;
               invflowrowsign &= ~LHSPOSSIBLE;
            }
         }
      }
      else if( colcommodity[rowc] != -1 )
      {
         /* column does not fit if it already belongs to a different commodity */
         flowrowsign = 0;
         invflowrowsign = 0;
      }
   }

   if( flowrowsign != 0 )
   {
      /* flow row fits without inverting anything */
      *rowsign = flowrowsign;
      *invertcommodity = FALSE;
   }
   else if( invflowrowsign != 0 )
   {
      /* this must be an inequality */
      assert((flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE)) != (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE));

      /* flow row fits only if row or commodity is inverted */
      if( commoditysigns == NULL || commoditysigns[k] == 0 )
      {
         /* commodity can be inverted */
         *rowsign = invflowrowsign;
         *invertcommodity = TRUE;
      }
      else
      {
         /* row has to be inverted */
         *rowsign = (invflowrowsign | INVERTED);
         *invertcommodity = FALSE;
      }
   }
   else
   {
      /* we can discard the row, since it can also not be member of a different commodity */
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> discard flow row %d <%s>, comoditysign=%d\n", r, SCIProwGetName(row), commoditysigns[k]);
      flowrowsigns[r] |= DISCARDED;
   }
}

/** returns a flow conservation row that fits into the current commodity, or NULL */
static
void getNextFlowrow(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   SCIP_ROW**            nextrow,            /**< pointer to store next row */
   unsigned char*        nextrowsign,        /**< pointer to store possible signs of next row */
   SCIP_Bool*            nextinvertcommodity /**< pointer to store whether current commodity has to be inverted to accommodate the next row */
   )
{
   SCIP_Real* flowrowscores = mcfdata->flowrowscores;
   SCIP_Bool* plusflow      = mcfdata->plusflow;
   SCIP_Bool* minusflow     = mcfdata->minusflow;
   int*       newcols       = mcfdata->newcols;
   int        ncommodities  = mcfdata->ncommodities;

   SCIP_COL** cols;
   int k;

   assert(nextrow != NULL);
   assert(nextrowsign != NULL);

   *nextrow = NULL;
   *nextrowsign = 0;
   *nextinvertcommodity = FALSE;

   k = ncommodities-1;

   cols = SCIPgetLPCols(scip);
   assert(cols != NULL);

   /* check if there are any columns left in the commodity that have not yet been inspected for incident flow rows */
   while( mcfdata->nnewcols > 0 )
   {
      SCIP_COL* col;
      SCIP_ROW** colrows;
      int collen;
      SCIP_ROW* bestrow;
      unsigned char bestrowsign;
      SCIP_Bool bestinvertcommodity;
      SCIP_Real bestscore;
      int c;
      int i;

      /* pop next new column from stack */
      c = newcols[mcfdata->nnewcols-1];
      mcfdata->nnewcols--;
      assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

      /* check if this columns already as both signs */
      assert(plusflow[c] || minusflow[c]);
      if( plusflow[c] && minusflow[c] )
         continue;

      /* check whether column is incident to a valid flow row that fits into the current commodity */
      bestrow = NULL;
      bestrowsign = 0;
      bestinvertcommodity = FALSE;
      bestscore = 0.0;
      col = cols[c];
      colrows = SCIPcolGetRows(col);
      collen = SCIPcolGetNLPNonz(col);
      for( i = 0; i < collen; i++ )
      {
         SCIP_ROW* row;
         unsigned char flowrowsign;
         SCIP_Bool invertcommodity;

         row = colrows[i];

         /* check if row fits into the current commodity */
         getFlowrowFit(scip, mcfdata, row, k, &flowrowsign, &invertcommodity);

         /* do we have a winner? */
         if( flowrowsign != 0 )
         {
            int r;
            SCIP_Real score;

            r = SCIProwGetLPPos(row);
            assert(0 <= r && r < SCIPgetNLPRows(scip));
            score = flowrowscores[r];
            assert(score > 0.0);

            /* If we have to invert the row, this will lead to a negative slack variable in the MIR cut,
             * which needs to be substituted in the end. We like to avoid this and therefore reduce the
             * score.
             */
            if( (flowrowsign & INVERTED) != 0 )
               score *= 0.75;

            if( score > bestscore )
            {
               bestrow = row;
               bestrowsign = flowrowsign;
               bestinvertcommodity = invertcommodity;
               bestscore = score;
            }
         }
      }

      /* if there was a valid row for this column, pick the best one
       * Note: This is not the overall best row, only the one for the first column that has a valid row.
       *       However, picking the overall best row seems to be too expensive
       */
      if( bestrow != NULL )
      {
         assert(bestscore > 0.0);
         assert(bestrowsign != 0);
         *nextrow = bestrow;
         *nextrowsign = bestrowsign;
         *nextinvertcommodity = bestinvertcommodity;
         break;
      }
   }
}

/** extracts flow conservation rows and puts them into commodities */
static
SCIP_RETCODE extractFlow(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   SCIP_Real             maxflowvarflowrowratio, /**< maximum ratio of flowvars and flowrows */
   SCIP_Bool*            failed              /**< pointer to store whether flowrowflowvarratio exceeded */
   )
{
   int* flowcands = mcfdata->flowcands;

   SCIP_Bool* plusflow;
   SCIP_Bool* minusflow;
   int* colcommodity;
   int* rowcommodity;

   SCIP_ROW** comrows;
   int* ncomnodes;
   int* comcolids;
   int ncomcolids;
   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   int nrows;
   int ncols;
   int maxnnodes;
   int nflowrows;
   int nflowvars;
   int i;
   int c;
   int r;
   int k;

   /* get LP data */
   rows = SCIPgetLPRows(scip);
   nrows = SCIPgetNLPRows(scip);
   ncols = SCIPgetNLPCols(scip);

   assert(failed != NULL);
   assert(!*failed);

   /* allocate memory */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->plusflow, ncols) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->minusflow, ncols) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->colcommodity, ncols) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->rowcommodity, nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->newcols, ncols) );
   plusflow = mcfdata->plusflow;
   minusflow = mcfdata->minusflow;
   colcommodity = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   rowcommodity = mcfdata->rowcommodity;

   /* allocate temporary memory */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &comrows, nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &ncomnodes, nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &comcolids, ncols) );

   /* 3. Extract network structure of flow conservation constraints:
    *    (a) Initialize plusflow[c] = minusflow[c] = FALSE for all columns c and other local data.
    */
   BMSclearMemoryArray(plusflow, ncols);
   BMSclearMemoryArray(minusflow, ncols);
   for( c = 0; c < ncols; c++ )
      colcommodity[c] = -1;
   for( r = 0; r < nrows; r++ )
      rowcommodity[r] = -1;

   assert(flowcands != NULL || mcfdata->nflowcands == 0);

   /*    (b) As long as there are flow conservation candidates left:
    *        (i) Create new commodity and use first flow conservation constraint as new row.
    *       (ii) Add new row to commodity, update pluscom/minuscom accordingly.
    *      (iii) For the newly added columns search for an incident flow conservation constraint. Pick the one of highest ranking.
    *       (iv) If found, set new row to this row and goto (ii).
    */
   maxnnodes = 0;
   nflowrows = 0;
   nflowvars = 0;
   for( i = 0; i < mcfdata->nflowcands; i++ )
   {
      SCIP_ROW* newrow;
      unsigned char newrowsign;
      SCIP_Bool newinvertcommodity;
      int nnodes;

      assert(flowcands != NULL);
      r = flowcands[i];
      assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
      newrow = rows[r];

      /* check if row fits into a new commodity */
      getFlowrowFit(scip, mcfdata, newrow, mcfdata->ncommodities, &newrowsign, &newinvertcommodity);
      if( newrowsign == 0 )
         continue;
      assert(!newinvertcommodity);
      assert((newrowsign & INVERTED) == 0);

      /* start new commodity */
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -------------------start new commodity %d--------------------- \n", mcfdata->ncommodities );
      SCIP_CALL( createNewCommodity(scip, mcfdata) );
      nnodes = 0;
      ncomcolids = 0;

      /* fill commodity with flow conservation constraints */
      do
      {
         /* if next flow row demands an inverting of the commodity, do it now */
         if( newinvertcommodity )
            invertCommodity(scip, mcfdata, mcfdata->ncommodities-1, comrows, nnodes, comcolids, ncomcolids);

         /* add new row to commodity */
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> add flow row  <%s> \n",  SCIProwGetName(newrow));
         addFlowrowToCommodity(scip, mcfdata, newrow, newrowsign, comcolids, &ncomcolids);
         comrows[nnodes] = newrow;
         nnodes++;
         nflowrows++;

         /* get next row to add */
         getNextFlowrow(scip, mcfdata, &newrow, &newrowsign, &newinvertcommodity);
      }
      while( newrow != NULL );

      ncomnodes[mcfdata->ncommodities-1] = nnodes;
      maxnnodes = MAX(maxnnodes, nnodes);
      nflowvars += ncomcolids;
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> finished commodity %d: identified %d nodes, maxnnodes=%d\n", mcfdata->ncommodities-1, nnodes, maxnnodes);

      /* if the commodity has too few nodes, or if it has much fewer nodes than the largest commodity, discard it */
      if( nnodes < MINNODES || nnodes < MINCOMNODESFRACTION * maxnnodes )
      {
         int ndelflowrows;
         int ndelflowvars;

         deleteCommodity(scip, mcfdata, mcfdata->ncommodities-1, comrows, nnodes, &ndelflowrows, &ndelflowvars);
         nflowrows -= ndelflowrows;
         nflowvars -= ndelflowvars;
         assert(nflowvars >= 0);
         assert(nflowrows >= 0);
      }
   }
   /* final cleanup of small commodities */
   for( k = 0; k < mcfdata->ncommodities; k++ )
   {
      assert(ncomnodes[k] >= MINNODES);

      /* if the commodity has much fewer nodes than the largest commodity, discard it */
      if( ncomnodes[k] < MINCOMNODESFRACTION * maxnnodes )
      {
         int nnodes;
         int ndelflowrows;
         int ndelflowvars;

         nnodes = 0;
         for( i = 0; i < mcfdata->nflowcands; i++ )
         {
            assert(flowcands != NULL);
            r = flowcands[i];
            if( rowcommodity[r] == k )
            {
               comrows[nnodes] = rows[r];
               nnodes++;
#ifdef NDEBUG
               if( nnodes == ncomnodes[k] )
                  break;
#endif
            }
         }
         assert(nnodes == ncomnodes[k]);
         deleteCommodity(scip, mcfdata, k, comrows, nnodes, &ndelflowrows, &ndelflowvars);
         nflowrows -= ndelflowrows;
         nflowvars -= ndelflowvars;
         assert(nflowvars >= 0);
         assert(nflowrows >= 0);
      }
   }

   /* free temporary memory */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &comcolids);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &ncomnodes);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &comrows);

   MCFdebugMessage("identified %d commodities (%d empty) with a maximum of %d nodes and %d flowrows, %d flowvars \n",
                   mcfdata->ncommodities, mcfdata->nemptycommodities, maxnnodes, nflowrows, nflowvars);

   assert(nflowvars >= 0);
   assert(nflowrows >= 0);

   /* do not allow flow system exceeding the flowvarflowrowratio (average node degree)*/
   if( nflowrows == 0)
      *failed = TRUE;
   else if( (SCIP_Real)nflowvars / (SCIP_Real)nflowrows > maxflowvarflowrowratio )
      *failed = TRUE;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** Arc-Detection -- identifies capacity constraints for the arcs and assigns arc ids to columns and capacity constraints */
static
SCIP_RETCODE extractCapacities(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata             /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   )
{
   unsigned char*    capacityrowsigns   = mcfdata->capacityrowsigns;
   int*              colcommodity       = mcfdata->colcommodity;
#ifndef NDEBUG
   unsigned char*    flowrowsigns       = mcfdata->capacityrowsigns;
   int*              rowcommodity       = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
#endif

   int* colarcid;
   int* rowarcid;

   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   SCIP_COL** cols;
   int nrows;
   int ncols;

   int r;
   int c;
   int i;

#ifndef NDEBUG
   SCIP_Real* capacityrowscores  = mcfdata->capacityrowscores;
#endif
   int        *capacitycands     = mcfdata->capacitycands;
   int        ncapacitycands     = mcfdata->ncapacitycands;

   assert(mcfdata->narcs == 0);
   assert(capacitycands != NULL || ncapacitycands == 0);

   /* get LP data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPRowsData(scip, &rows, &nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPColsData(scip, &cols, &ncols) );

   /* allocate temporary memory for extraction data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->colarcid, ncols) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->rowarcid, nrows) );
   colarcid = mcfdata->colarcid;
   rowarcid = mcfdata->rowarcid;

   /* initialize arcid arrays */
   for( c = 0; c < ncols; c++ )
      colarcid[c] = -1;
   for( r = 0; r < nrows; r++ )
      rowarcid[r] = -1;

   /* ->  loop through the list of capacity cands in non-increasing score order  */
   for( i = 0; i < ncapacitycands; i++ )
   {
      SCIP_ROW*  capacityrow;
      SCIP_COL** rowcols;
      int rowlen;
      int nassignedflowvars;
      int nunassignedflowvars;
      int k;

      assert(capacitycands != NULL);
      r = capacitycands[i];
      assert(0 <= r && r < nrows );
      capacityrow = rows[r];

      /* row must be a capacity candidate */
      assert((capacityrowsigns[r] & (LHSPOSSIBLE | RHSPOSSIBLE)) != 0);
      assert((capacityrowsigns[r] & DISCARDED) == 0);
      assert(capacityrowscores[r] > 0.0);

      /* row must not be already assigned */
      assert((capacityrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) == 0);
      assert(rowarcid[r] == -1);

      /* row should not be a flow conservation constraint */
      assert( rowcommodity[r] == -1 );
      assert( (flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) == 0 );

      /* count the number of already assigned and not yet assigned flow variables */
      rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(capacityrow);
      rowlen  = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(capacityrow);
      nassignedflowvars = 0;
      nunassignedflowvars = 0;
      for( k = 0; k < rowlen; k++ )
      {
         c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[k]);
         assert(0 <= c && c < ncols);

         assert(-1 <= colcommodity[c] && colcommodity[c] < mcfdata->ncommodities);
         assert(-1 <= colarcid[c] && colarcid[c] < mcfdata->narcs);

         /* ignore columns that are not flow variables */
         if( colcommodity[c] == -1 )
            continue;

         /* check if column is already assigned to an arc */
         if( colarcid[c] >= 0 )
            nassignedflowvars++;
         else
            nunassignedflowvars++;
      }

      /* Ignore row if all of its flow variables have already been assigned to some other arc.
       * Only accept the row as capacity constraint if at least 1/3 of its flow vars are
       * not yet assigned to some other arc.
       */
      if( nunassignedflowvars == 0 || nassignedflowvars >= nunassignedflowvars * 2 )
      {
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "discarding capacity candidate row %d <%s> [score:%g]: %d assigned flowvars, %d unassigned flowvars\n",
                          r, SCIProwGetName(capacityrow), mcfdata->capacityrowscores[r], nassignedflowvars, nunassignedflowvars);
         capacityrowsigns[r] |= DISCARDED;
         continue;
      }

      /* create new arc -- store capacity row */
      assert(mcfdata->narcs <= mcfdata->capacityrowssize);
      if( mcfdata->narcs == mcfdata->capacityrowssize )
      {
         mcfdata->capacityrowssize = MAX(2*mcfdata->capacityrowssize, mcfdata->narcs+1);
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPreallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->capacityrows, mcfdata->capacityrowssize) );
      }
      assert(mcfdata->narcs < mcfdata->capacityrowssize);
      assert(mcfdata->narcs < nrows);

      mcfdata->capacityrows[mcfdata->narcs] = capacityrow;

      /* assign the capacity row to a new arc id */
      assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
      rowarcid[r] = mcfdata->narcs;

      /* decide which sign to use */
      if( (capacityrowsigns[r] & RHSPOSSIBLE) != 0 )
         capacityrowsigns[r] |= RHSASSIGNED;
      else
      {
         assert((capacityrowsigns[r] & LHSPOSSIBLE) != 0);
         capacityrowsigns[r] |= LHSASSIGNED;
      }

      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "assigning capacity row %d <%s> with sign %+d to arc %d [score:%g]: %d assigned flowvars, %d unassigned flowvars\n",
                       r, SCIProwGetName(capacityrow), (capacityrowsigns[r] & RHSASSIGNED) != 0 ? +1 : -1, mcfdata->narcs,
                       mcfdata->capacityrowscores[r], nassignedflowvars, nunassignedflowvars);

      /* assign all involved flow variables to the new arc id */
      for( k = 0; k < rowlen; k++ )
      {
         int rowc = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[k]);
         assert(0 <= rowc && rowc < ncols);

         /* due to aggregations in preprocessing it may happen that a flow variable appears in multiple capacity constraints;
          * in this case, assign it to the first that has been found
          */
         if( colcommodity[rowc] >= 0 && colarcid[rowc] == -1 )
            colarcid[rowc] = mcfdata->narcs;
      }

      /* increase number of arcs */
      mcfdata->narcs++;
   }
   return SCIP_OKAY;
}  /* END extractcapacities */


/** collects all flow columns of all commodities (except the one of the base row) that are incident to the node described by the given flow row */
static
void collectIncidentFlowCols(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   SCIP_ROW*             flowrow,            /**< flow conservation constraint that defines the node */
   int                   basecommodity       /**< commodity of the base row */
   )
{
   int*           colcommodity  = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int*           colarcid      = mcfdata->colarcid;
   int*           newcols       = mcfdata->newcols;
   SCIP_ROW**     capacityrows  = mcfdata->capacityrows;
   SCIP_Bool*     colisincident = mcfdata->colisincident;

   SCIP_COL** rowcols;
   int rowlen;
   int i;

#ifndef NDEBUG
   /* check that the marker array is correctly initialized */
   for( i = 0; i < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip); i++ )
      assert(!colisincident[i]);
#endif

   /* loop through all flow columns in the flow conservation constraint */
   rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(flowrow);
   rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(flowrow);
   mcfdata->nnewcols = 0;

   for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
   {
      SCIP_COL** capacityrowcols;
      int capacityrowlen;
      int arcid;
      int c;
      int j;

      c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
      assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

      /* get arc id of the column in the flow conservation constraint */
      arcid = colarcid[c];
      if( arcid == -1 )
         continue;
      assert(arcid < mcfdata->narcs);

      /* collect flow variables in the capacity constraint of this arc */
      assert(capacityrows[arcid] != NULL);
      capacityrowcols = SCIProwGetCols(capacityrows[arcid]);
      capacityrowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(capacityrows[arcid]);

      for( j = 0; j < capacityrowlen; j++ )
      {
         int caprowc;

         caprowc = SCIPcolGetLPPos(capacityrowcols[j]);
         assert(0 <= caprowc && caprowc < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

         /* ignore columns that do not belong to a commodity, i.e., are not flow variables */
         if( colcommodity[caprowc] == -1 )
         {
            assert(colarcid[caprowc] == -1);
            continue;
         }
         assert(colarcid[caprowc] <= arcid); /* colarcid < arcid if column belongs to multiple arcs, for example, due to an aggregation in presolving */

         /* ignore columns in the same commodity as the base row */
         if( colcommodity[caprowc] == basecommodity )
            continue;

         /* if not already done, collect the column */
         if( !colisincident[caprowc] )
         {
            assert(mcfdata->nnewcols < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
            colisincident[caprowc] = TRUE;
            newcols[mcfdata->nnewcols] = caprowc;
            mcfdata->nnewcols++;
         }
      }
   }
}

/** compares given row against a base node flow row and calculates a similarity score;
 *  score is 0.0 if the rows are incompatible
 */
static
SCIP_RETCODE getNodeSimilarityScore(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   int                   baserowlen,         /**< length of base node flow row */
   int*                  basearcpattern,     /**< arc pattern of base node flow row */
   int                   basenposuncap,      /**< number of uncapacitated vars in base node flow row with positive coeff*/
   int                   basenneguncap,      /**< number of uncapacitated vars in base node flow row with negative coeff*/
   SCIP_ROW*             row,                /**< row to compare against base node flow row */
   SCIP_Real*            score,              /**< pointer to store the similarity score */
   SCIP_Bool*            invertcommodity     /**< pointer to store whether the arcs in the commodity of the row have
                                              *   to be inverted for the row to be compatible to the base row */
   )
{
   unsigned char*    flowrowsigns   = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   int*              commoditysigns = mcfdata->commoditysigns;
   int               narcs          = mcfdata->narcs;
   int*              rowcommodity   = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
   int*              colarcid       = mcfdata->colarcid;
   int*              arcpattern     = mcfdata->zeroarcarray;
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE modeltype      = mcfdata->modeltype;

   SCIP_COL** rowcols;
   SCIP_Real* rowvals;
   int nposuncap;
   int nneguncap;
   int ncols;
   int rowlen;
   int rowcom;
   int rowcomsign;
   SCIP_Bool incompatible;
   SCIP_Real overlap;
   int* overlappingarcs;
   int noverlappingarcs;
   int r;
   int i;

   *score = 0.0;
   *invertcommodity = FALSE;

#ifndef NDEBUG
   for( i = 0; i < narcs; i++ )
      assert(arcpattern[i] == 0);
#endif

   /* allocate temporary memory */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &overlappingarcs, narcs) );

   r = SCIProwGetLPPos(row);
   assert(0 <= r && r < SCIPgetNLPRows(scip));
   assert((flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);
   rowcom = rowcommodity[r];
   assert(0 <= rowcom && rowcom < mcfdata->ncommodities);
   rowcomsign = commoditysigns[rowcom];
   assert(-1 <= rowcomsign && rowcomsign <= +1);

   rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(row);
   rowvals = SCIProwGetVals(row);
   rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(row);
   incompatible = FALSE;
   noverlappingarcs = 0;
   nposuncap=0;
   nneguncap=0;
   ncols = SCIPgetNLPCols(scip);
   for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
   {
      int c;
      int arcid;
      int valsign;

      c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
      assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

      /* get the sign of the coefficient in the flow conservation constraint */
      valsign = (rowvals[i] > 0.0 ? +1 : -1);
      if( (flowrowsigns[r] & LHSASSIGNED) != 0 )
         valsign *= -1;
      if( (flowrowsigns[r] & INVERTED) != 0 )
         valsign *= -1;

      arcid = colarcid[c];
      if( arcid == -1 )
      {
         if( valsign > 0 )
            nposuncap++;
         else
            nneguncap++;
         continue;
      }
      assert(arcid < narcs);

      /* check if this arc is also member of the base row */
      if( basearcpattern[arcid] != 0 )
      {
         /* check if the sign of the arc matches in the directed case */
         if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED )
         {
            int validcomsign;

            if( ( valsign * basearcpattern[arcid] ) > 0 )
               validcomsign = +1;
            else
               validcomsign = -1;

            if( rowcomsign == 0 )
            {
               /* the first entry decides whether we have to invert the commodity */
               rowcomsign = validcomsign;
            }
            else if( rowcomsign != validcomsign )
            {
               /* the signs do not fit: this is incompatible */
               incompatible = TRUE;
               break;
            }
         }
         else
         {
            /* in the undirected case, we ignore the sign of the coefficient */
            valsign = +1;
         }

         /* store overlapping arc pattern */
         if( arcpattern[arcid] == 0 )
         {
            overlappingarcs[noverlappingarcs] = arcid;
            noverlappingarcs++;
         }
         arcpattern[arcid] += valsign;
      }
   }

   /* calculate the weighted overlap and reset the zeroarcarray */
   overlap = 0.0;
   for( i = 0; i < noverlappingarcs; i++ )
   {
      SCIP_Real basenum;
      SCIP_Real arcnum;
      int arcid;

      arcid = overlappingarcs[i];
      assert(0 <= arcid && arcid < narcs);
      assert(modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED || rowcomsign * basearcpattern[arcid] * arcpattern[arcid] > 0);

      basenum = ABS(basearcpattern[arcid]);
      arcnum = ABS(arcpattern[arcid]);
      assert(basenum != 0.0);
      assert(arcnum != 0.0);

      if( basenum > arcnum )
         overlap += arcnum/basenum;
      else
         overlap += basenum/arcnum;

      arcpattern[arcid] = 0;
   }

/* calculate the score: maximize overlap and use minimal number of non-overlapping entries as tie breaker */
   if( !incompatible && overlap > 0.0 )
   {
      /* flow variables with arc-id */
      int rowarcs = rowlen - nposuncap - nneguncap;
      int baserowarcs = baserowlen - basenposuncap - basenneguncap;

      assert(overlap <= (SCIP_Real) rowlen);
      assert(overlap <= (SCIP_Real) baserowlen);
      assert(noverlappingarcs >= 1);

      *invertcommodity = (rowcomsign == -1);

      /* only one overlapping arc is very dangerous,
      since this can also be the other end node of the arc */
      if( noverlappingarcs >= 2 )
         *score += 1000.0;

      assert(rowarcs >= 0 && baserowarcs >= 0 );
      /* in the ideal undirected case there are two flow variables with the same arc-id */
      if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED )
         *score = overlap - (rowarcs + baserowarcs - 2.0 * overlap)/(2.0 * ncols + 1.0);
      else
         *score = overlap - (rowarcs + baserowarcs - 4.0 * overlap)/(2.0 * ncols + 1.0);

      /* Also use number of uncapacitated flowvars (variables without arcid) as tie-breaker */
      if(*invertcommodity)
         *score += 1.0 - (ABS(nneguncap - basenposuncap) + ABS(nposuncap - basenneguncap))/(2.0 * ncols + 1.0);
      else
         *score += 1.0 - (ABS(nposuncap - basenposuncap) + ABS(nneguncap - basenneguncap))/(2.0 * ncols + 1.0);

      *score = MAX(*score, 1e-6); /* score may get negative due to many columns having the same arcid */
   }

   SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> node similarity: row <%s>: incompatible=%u overlap=%g rowlen=%d baserowlen=%d score=%g\n",
                    SCIProwGetName(row), incompatible, overlap, rowlen, baserowlen, *score);

   /* free temporary memory */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &overlappingarcs);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** assigns node ids to flow conservation constraints */
static
SCIP_RETCODE extractNodes(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata             /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   )
{
   unsigned char*    flowrowsigns   = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   int               ncommodities   = mcfdata->ncommodities;
   int*              commoditysigns = mcfdata->commoditysigns;
   int               narcs          = mcfdata->narcs;
   int*              flowcands      = mcfdata->flowcands;
   int               nflowcands     = mcfdata->nflowcands;
   int*              rowcommodity   = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
   int*              colarcid       = mcfdata->colarcid;
   int*              newcols        = mcfdata->newcols;
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE modeltype      = mcfdata->modeltype;
   int*              rownodeid;
   SCIP_Bool*        colisincident;
   SCIP_Bool*        rowprocessed;

   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   SCIP_COL** cols;
   int nrows;
   int ncols;

   int* arcpattern;
   int  nposuncap;
   int  nneguncap;
   SCIP_ROW** bestflowrows;
   SCIP_Real* bestscores;
   SCIP_Bool* bestinverted;
   int r;
   int c;
   int n;

   assert(mcfdata->nnodes == 0);
   assert(modeltype != SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_AUTO);

   /* get LP data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPRowsData(scip, &rows, &nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPColsData(scip, &cols, &ncols) );

   /* allocate temporary memory */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->rownodeid, nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->colisincident, ncols) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->zeroarcarray, narcs) );
   BMSclearMemoryArray(mcfdata->zeroarcarray, narcs);
   rownodeid = mcfdata->rownodeid;
   colisincident = mcfdata->colisincident;

   /* allocate temporary local memory */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &arcpattern, narcs) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &bestflowrows, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &bestscores, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &bestinverted, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &rowprocessed, nrows) );

   /* initialize temporary memory */
   for( r = 0; r < nrows; r++ )
      rownodeid[r] = -1;
   for( c = 0; c < ncols; c++ )
      colisincident[c] = FALSE;

   assert(flowcands != NULL || nflowcands == 0);

   /* process all flow conservation constraints that have been used */
   for( n = 0; n < nflowcands; n++ )
   {
      SCIP_COL** rowcols;
      SCIP_Real* rowvals;
      int rowlen;
      int rowscale;
      int basecommodity;
      int i;

      assert(flowcands != NULL);
      r = flowcands[n];
      assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);

      /* ignore rows that are not used as flow conservation constraint */
      basecommodity = rowcommodity[r];
      if( basecommodity == -1 )
         continue;
      assert((flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);
      assert(mcfdata->rowarcid[r] == -1);

      /* skip rows that are already assigned to a node */
      if( rownodeid[r] >= 0 )
         continue;

      /* assign row to new node id */
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "assigning row %d <%s> of commodity %d to node %d [score: %g]\n",
                       r, SCIProwGetName(rows[r]), basecommodity, mcfdata->nnodes, mcfdata->flowrowscores[r]);
      rownodeid[r] = mcfdata->nnodes;

      /* increase number of nodes */
      mcfdata->nnodes++;

      /* For single commodity models we are done --
       * no matching flow rows need to be found
       */
      if(ncommodities == 1)
         continue;

      /* get the arc pattern of the flow row */
      BMSclearMemoryArray(arcpattern, narcs);
      nposuncap=0;
      nneguncap=0;

      rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(rows[r]);
      rowvals = SCIProwGetVals(rows[r]);
      rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(rows[r]);
      if( (flowrowsigns[r] & RHSASSIGNED) != 0 )
         rowscale = +1;
      else
         rowscale = -1;
      if( (flowrowsigns[r] & INVERTED) != 0 )
         rowscale *= -1;
      if( commoditysigns[basecommodity] == -1 )
         rowscale *= -1;

      for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
      {
         int arcid;

         c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
         assert(0 <= c && c < ncols);
         arcid = colarcid[c];
         if( arcid >= 0 )
         {
            /* due to presolving we may have multiple flow variables of the same arc in the row */
            if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED || rowscale * rowvals[i] > 0.0 )
               arcpattern[arcid]++;
            else
               arcpattern[arcid]--;
         }
         /* we also count variables that have no arc -- these have no capacity constraint --> uncapacitated */
         else
         {
            if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED || rowscale * rowvals[i] > 0.0 )
               nposuncap++;
            else
               nneguncap++;
         }
      }

      /* initialize arrays to store best flow rows */
      for( i = 0; i < ncommodities; i++ )
      {
         bestflowrows[i] = NULL;
         bestscores[i] = 0.0;
         bestinverted[i] = FALSE;
      }

      /* collect columns that are member of incident arc capacity constraints */
      collectIncidentFlowCols(scip, mcfdata, rows[r], basecommodity);

      /* initialize rowprocessed array */
      BMSclearMemoryArray(rowprocessed, nrows);

      /* identify flow conservation constraints in other commodities that match this node;
       * search for flow rows in the column vectors of the incident columns
       */
      for( i = 0; i < mcfdata->nnewcols; i++ )
      {
         SCIP_ROW** colrows;
         int collen;
         int j;

         c = newcols[i];
         assert(0 <= c && c < ncols);
         assert(mcfdata->colcommodity[c] >= 0);
         assert(mcfdata->colcommodity[c] != basecommodity);

         /* clean up the marker array */
         assert(colisincident[c]);
         colisincident[c] = FALSE;

         /* scan column vector for flow conservation constraints */
         colrows = SCIPcolGetRows(cols[c]);
         collen = SCIPcolGetNLPNonz(cols[c]);

         for( j = 0; j < collen; j++ )
         {
            int colr;
            int rowcom;
            SCIP_Real score;
            SCIP_Bool invertcommodity;

            colr = SCIProwGetLPPos(colrows[j]);
            assert(0 <= colr && colr < nrows);

            /* ignore rows that have already been processed */
            if( rowprocessed[colr] )
               continue;
            rowprocessed[colr] = TRUE;

            /* ignore rows that are not flow conservation constraints in the network */
            rowcom = rowcommodity[colr];
            assert(rowcom != basecommodity);
            if( rowcom == -1 )
               continue;

            assert(rowcom == mcfdata->colcommodity[c]);
            assert((flowrowsigns[colr] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);
            assert(mcfdata->rowarcid[colr] == -1);

            /* ignore rows that are already assigned to a node */
            if( rownodeid[colr] >= 0 )
               continue;

            /* compare row against arc pattern and calculate score */
            SCIP_CALL( getNodeSimilarityScore(scip, mcfdata, rowlen, arcpattern,
                       nposuncap, nneguncap, colrows[j], &score, &invertcommodity) );
            assert( !SCIPisNegative(scip, score) );

            if( score > bestscores[rowcom] )
            {
               bestflowrows[rowcom] = colrows[j];
               bestscores[rowcom] = score;
               bestinverted[rowcom] = invertcommodity;
            }
         }
      }
      assert(bestflowrows[basecommodity] == NULL);

      /* for each commodity, pick the best flow conservation constraint to define this node */
      for( i = 0; i < ncommodities; i++ )
      {
         int comr;

         if( bestflowrows[i] == NULL )
            continue;

         comr = SCIProwGetLPPos(bestflowrows[i]);
         assert(0 <= comr && comr < nrows);
         assert(rowcommodity[comr] == i);
         assert((flowrowsigns[comr] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);
         assert(rownodeid[comr] == -1);
         assert(mcfdata->nnodes >= 1);
         /* assign flow row to current node */
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> assigning row %d <%s> of commodity %d to node %d [invert:%u]\n",
                          comr, SCIProwGetName(rows[comr]), i, mcfdata->nnodes-1, bestinverted[i]);
         rownodeid[comr] = mcfdata->nnodes-1;

         /* fix the direction of the arcs of the commodity */
         if( bestinverted[i] )
         {
            assert(commoditysigns[i] != +1);
            commoditysigns[i] = -1;
         }
         else
         {
            assert(commoditysigns[i] != -1);
            commoditysigns[i] = +1;
         }
      }
   }

   /* free local temporary memory */

   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &rowprocessed);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &bestinverted);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &bestscores);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &bestflowrows);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &arcpattern);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** if there are still undecided commodity signs, fix them to +1 */
static
void fixCommoditySigns(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata             /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   )
{
   int* commoditysigns = mcfdata->commoditysigns;
   int k;

   for( k = 0; k < mcfdata->ncommodities; k++ )
   {
      if( commoditysigns[k] == 0 )
         commoditysigns[k] = +1;
   }
}


/** identifies the (at most) two nodes which contain the given flow variable */
static
void getIncidentNodes(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   SCIP_COL*             col,                /**< flow column */
   int*                  sourcenode,         /**< pointer to store the source node of the flow column */
   int*                  targetnode          /**< pointer to store the target node of the flow column */
   )
{
   unsigned char*    flowrowsigns     = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   int*              commoditysigns   = mcfdata->commoditysigns;
   int*              rowcommodity     = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
   int*              rownodeid        = mcfdata->rownodeid;
   int*              colsources       = mcfdata->colsources;
   int*              coltargets       = mcfdata->coltargets;

   SCIP_ROW** colrows;
   SCIP_Real* colvals;
   int collen;
   int c;
   int i;

   assert(sourcenode != NULL);
   assert(targetnode != NULL);
   assert(colsources != NULL);
   assert(coltargets != NULL);

   c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(col);
   assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

   /* check if we have this column already in cache */
   if( colsources[c] >= -1 )
   {
      assert(coltargets[c] >= -1);
      *sourcenode = colsources[c];
      *targetnode = coltargets[c];
   }
   else
   {
      *sourcenode = -1;
      *targetnode = -1;

      /* search for flow conservation rows in the column vector */
      colrows = SCIPcolGetRows(col);
      colvals = SCIPcolGetVals(col);
      collen = SCIPcolGetNLPNonz(col);
      for( i = 0; i < collen; i++ )
      {
         int r;

         r = SCIProwGetLPPos(colrows[i]);
         assert(0 <= r && r < SCIPgetNLPRows(scip));

         if( rownodeid[r] >= 0 )
         {
            int v;
            int k;
            int scale;

            v = rownodeid[r];
            k = rowcommodity[r];
            assert(0 <= v && v < mcfdata->nnodes);
            assert(0 <= k && k < mcfdata->ncommodities);
            assert((flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);

            /* check whether the flow row is inverted */
            scale = +1;
            if( (flowrowsigns[r] & LHSASSIGNED) != 0 )
               scale *= -1;
            if( (flowrowsigns[r] & INVERTED) != 0 )
               scale *= -1;
            if( commoditysigns[k] == -1 )
               scale *= -1;

            /* decide whether this node is source or target */
            if( ( scale * colvals[i] ) > 0.0 )
            {
               assert(*sourcenode == -1);
               *sourcenode = v;
               if( *targetnode >= 0 )
                  break;
            }
            else
            {
               assert(*targetnode == -1);
               *targetnode = v;
               if( *sourcenode >= 0 )
                  break;
            }
         }
      }

      /* cache result for future use */
      colsources[c] = *sourcenode;
      coltargets[c] = *targetnode;
   }
}

/** find uncapacitated arcs for flow columns that have no associated arc yet */
static
SCIP_RETCODE findUncapacitatedArcs(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata             /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   )
{
   int*              flowcands          = mcfdata->flowcands;
   int               nflowcands         = mcfdata->nflowcands;
#ifndef NDEBUG
   unsigned char*    flowrowsigns       = mcfdata->flowrowsigns;
   int*              colcommodity       = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int*              rowcommodity       = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
#endif
   int*              rownodeid          = mcfdata->rownodeid;
   int*              colarcid           = mcfdata->colarcid;
   int               nnodes             = mcfdata->nnodes;
   int               ncommodities       = mcfdata->ncommodities;
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE modeltype          = mcfdata->modeltype;

   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   SCIP_COL** cols;
   int ncols;

   int* sortedflowcands;
   int* sortedflowcandnodeid;
   int* sourcecount;
   int* targetcount;
   int* adjnodes;
   int nadjnodes;
   int* inccols;
   int ninccols;
   int arcsthreshold;

   int v;
   int n;

   /* there should have been a cleanup already */
   assert(mcfdata->nemptycommodities == 0);
   assert(ncommodities >= 0);
   assert(modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED || modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED);

   /* avoid trivial cases */
   if( ncommodities == 0 || nflowcands == 0 || nnodes == 0 )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "finding uncapacitated arcs\n");

   /* get LP data */
   rows = SCIPgetLPRows(scip);
   cols = SCIPgetLPCols(scip);
   ncols = SCIPgetNLPCols(scip);
   assert(rows != NULL);
   assert(cols != NULL || ncols == 0);

   /* allocate temporary memory */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &sortedflowcands, nflowcands) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &sortedflowcandnodeid, nflowcands) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &sourcecount, nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &targetcount, nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &adjnodes, nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &inccols, ncols) );

   /* copy flowcands and initialize sortedflowcandnodeid arrays */
   for( n = 0; n < nflowcands; n++ )
   {
      sortedflowcands[n] = flowcands[n];
      sortedflowcandnodeid[n] = rownodeid[flowcands[n]];
   }

   /* sort flow candidates by node id */
   SCIPsortIntInt(sortedflowcandnodeid, sortedflowcands, nflowcands);
   assert(sortedflowcandnodeid[0] <= 0);
   assert(sortedflowcandnodeid[nflowcands-1] == nnodes-1);

   /* initialize sourcecount and targetcount arrays */
   for( v = 0; v < nnodes; v++ )
   {
      sourcecount[v] = 0;
      targetcount[v] = 0;
   }
   nadjnodes = 0;
   ninccols = 0;

   /* we only accept an arc if at least this many flow variables give rise to this arc */
      arcsthreshold = (int) SCIPceil(scip, (SCIP_Real) ncommodities * UNCAPACITATEDARCSTRESHOLD );

   /* in the undirected case, there are two variables per commodity in each capacity row */
   if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED )
      arcsthreshold *= 2;

   /* skip unused flow candidates */
   for( n = 0; n < nflowcands; n++ )
   {
      if( sortedflowcandnodeid[n] >= 0 )
         break;
      assert(0 <= sortedflowcands[n] && sortedflowcands[n] < SCIPgetNLPRows(scip));
      assert(rowcommodity[sortedflowcands[n]] == -1);
   }
   assert(n < nflowcands);
   assert(sortedflowcandnodeid[n] == 0);

   /* for each node s, count for each other node t the number of flow variables that are not yet assigned
    * to an arc and that give rise to an (s,t) arc or an (t,s) arc
    */
   for( v = 0; n < nflowcands; v++ ) /*lint !e440*/ /* for flexelint: n is used as abort criterion for loop */
   {
      int l;

      assert(v < nnodes);
      assert(0 <= sortedflowcands[n] && sortedflowcands[n] < SCIPgetNLPRows(scip));
      assert(rowcommodity[sortedflowcands[n]] >= 0);
      assert(rownodeid[sortedflowcands[n]] == sortedflowcandnodeid[n]);
      assert(sortedflowcandnodeid[n] == v); /* we must have at least one row per node */
      assert(nadjnodes == 0);
      assert(ninccols == 0);

      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " node %d starts with flowcand %d: <%s>\n", v, n, SCIProwGetName(rows[sortedflowcands[n]]));

      /* process all flow rows that belong to node v */
      for( ; n < nflowcands && sortedflowcandnodeid[n] == v; n++ )
      {
         SCIP_COL** rowcols;
         int rowlen;
         int r;
         int i;

         r = sortedflowcands[n];
         assert((flowrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);
         assert(mcfdata->rowarcid[r] == -1);

         /* update sourcecount and targetcount for all flow columns in the row that are not yet assigned to an arc */
         rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(rows[r]);
         rowlen  = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(rows[r]);
         for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
         {
            SCIP_COL* col;
            int arcid;
            int c;
            int s;
            int t;

            col = rowcols[i];
            c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(col);
            assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
            arcid = colarcid[c];
            assert(-2 <= arcid && arcid < mcfdata->narcs);
            assert(rowcommodity[r] == colcommodity[c]);

            if( arcid == -2 )
            {
               /* This is the second time we see this column, and we were unable to assign an arc
                * to this column at the first time. So, this time we can ignore it. Just reset the
                * temporary arcid -2 to -1.
                */
               colarcid[c] = -1;
            }
            else if( arcid == -1 )
            {
               int u;

               /* identify the (at most) two nodes which contain this flow variable */
               getIncidentNodes(scip, mcfdata, col, &s, &t);

               SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "   col <%s> [%g,%g] (s,t):(%i,%i)\n", SCIPvarGetName(SCIPcolGetVar(col)),
                                SCIPvarGetLbGlobal(SCIPcolGetVar(col)), SCIPvarGetUbGlobal(SCIPcolGetVar(col)), s, t);

               assert(-1 <= s && s < nnodes);
               assert(-1 <= t && t < nnodes);
               assert(s == v || t == v);
               assert(s != t);

               /* in the undirected case, always use s as other node */
               if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED && s == v )
               {
                  s = t;
                  t = v;
               }

               /* if there is no other node than v, ignore column */
               if( s < 0 || t < 0 )
                  continue;

               /* remember column in incidence list
                * Note: each column can be collected at most once for node v, because each column can appear in at most one
                * commodity, and in each commodity a column can have at most one +1 and one -1 entry. One of the two +/-1 entries
                * is already used for v.
                */
               assert(ninccols < ncols);
               inccols[ninccols] = c;
               ninccols++;

               /* update source or target count */
               if( s != v )
               {
                  sourcecount[s]++;
                  u = s;
               }
               else
               {
                  targetcount[t]++;
                  u = t;
               }

               /* if other node has been seen the first time, store it in adjlist for sparse access of count arrays */
               if( sourcecount[u] + targetcount[u] == 1 )
               {
                  assert(nadjnodes < nnodes);
                  adjnodes[nadjnodes] = u;
                  nadjnodes++;
               }
            }
         }
      }

      /* check if we want to add uncapacitated arcs s -> v or v -> t */
      for( l = 0; l < nadjnodes; l++ )
      {
         int u;

         u = adjnodes[l];
         assert(0 <= u && u < nnodes);
         assert(sourcecount[u] > 0 || targetcount[u] > 0);
         assert(modeltype != SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED || targetcount[u] == 0);
         assert(ninccols >= 0);

         /* add arcs u -> v */
         if( sourcecount[u] >= arcsthreshold )
         {
            int arcid;
            int m;

            /* create new arc */
            SCIP_CALL( createNewArc(scip, mcfdata, u, v, &arcid) );
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "         -> new arc: <%i> = (%i,%i)\n", arcid, u, v);

            /* assign arcid to all involved columns */
            for( m = 0; m < ninccols; m++ )
            {
               int c;
               int s;
               int t;

               c = inccols[m];
               assert(0 <= c && c < ncols);

               assert(cols != NULL);
               getIncidentNodes(scip, mcfdata, cols[c], &s, &t);
               assert(s == v || t == v);

               if( s == u || (modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED && t == u) )
               {
                  SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "         -> assign arcid:%i to column <%s>\n", arcid, SCIPvarGetName(SCIPcolGetVar(cols[c])));
                  colarcid[c] = arcid;

                  /* remove column from incidence array */
                  inccols[m] = inccols[ninccols-1];
                  ninccols--;
                  m--;
               }
            } /*lint --e{850}*/
         }

         /* add arcs v -> u */
         if( targetcount[u] >= arcsthreshold )
         {
            int arcid;
            int m;

            /* create new arc */
            SCIP_CALL( createNewArc(scip, mcfdata, v, u, &arcid) );
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "         -> new arc: <%i> = (%i,%i)\n", arcid, v, u);

            /* assign arcid to all involved columns */
            for( m = 0; m < ninccols; m++ )
            {
               int c;
               int s;
               int t;

               c = inccols[m];
               assert(0 <= c && c < ncols);

               assert(cols != NULL);
               getIncidentNodes(scip, mcfdata, cols[c], &s, &t);
               assert(s == v || t == v);

               if( t == u )
               {
                  SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "         -> assign arcid:%i to column <%s>\n", arcid, SCIPvarGetName(SCIPcolGetVar(cols[c])));
                  colarcid[c] = arcid;

                  /* remove column from incidence array */
                  inccols[m] = inccols[ninccols-1];
                  ninccols--;
                  m--;
               }
            } /*lint --e{850}*/
         }
      }

      /* reset sourcecount and targetcount arrays */
      for( l = 0; l < nadjnodes; l++ )
      {
         sourcecount[l] = 0;
         targetcount[l] = 0;
      }
      nadjnodes = 0;

      /* mark the incident columns that could not be assigned to a new arc such that we do not inspect them again */
      for( l = 0; l < ninccols; l++ )
      {
         assert(colarcid[inccols[l]] == -1);
         colarcid[inccols[l]] = -2;
      }
      ninccols = 0;
   }
   assert(n == nflowcands);
   assert(v == nnodes);

#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
   /* eventually, we must have reset all temporary colarcid[c] = -2 settings to -1 */
   for( n = 0; n < ncols; n++ )
      assert(colarcid[n] >= -1);
#endif

   /* free temporary memory */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &inccols);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &adjnodes);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &targetcount);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &sourcecount);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &sortedflowcandnodeid);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &sortedflowcands);

   MCFdebugMessage("network after finding uncapacitated arcs has %d nodes, %d arcs, and %d commodities\n",
                   mcfdata->nnodes, mcfdata->narcs, mcfdata->ncommodities);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** cleans up the network: gets rid of commodities without arcs or with at most one node */
static
SCIP_RETCODE cleanupNetwork(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata             /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   )
{
   int*       flowcands      = mcfdata->flowcands;
   int        nflowcands     = mcfdata->nflowcands;
   int*       colcommodity   = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int*       rowcommodity   = mcfdata->rowcommodity;
   int*       colarcid       = mcfdata->colarcid;
   int*       rowarcid       = mcfdata->rowarcid;
   int*       rownodeid      = mcfdata->rownodeid;
   int        ncommodities   = mcfdata->ncommodities;
   int*       commoditysigns = mcfdata->commoditysigns;
   int        narcs          = mcfdata->narcs;
   int        nnodes         = mcfdata->nnodes;
   SCIP_ROW** capacityrows   = mcfdata->capacityrows;

   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   int nrows;
   int ncols;

   int* nnodespercom;
   int* narcspercom;
   SCIP_Bool* arcisincom;
   int* perm;
   int permsize;
   int maxnnodes;
   int nnodesthreshold;
   int newncommodities;

   int i;
   int a;
   int k;

   MCFdebugMessage("network before cleanup has %d nodes, %d arcs, and %d commodities\n", nnodes, narcs, ncommodities);

   /* get LP data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPRowsData(scip, &rows, &nrows) );
   ncols = SCIPgetNLPCols(scip);

   /* allocate temporary memory */
   permsize = ncommodities;
   permsize = MAX(permsize, narcs);
   permsize = MAX(permsize, nnodes);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &nnodespercom, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &narcspercom, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &arcisincom, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &perm, permsize) );
   BMSclearMemoryArray(nnodespercom, ncommodities);
   BMSclearMemoryArray(narcspercom, ncommodities);

   /** @todo remove nodes without any incoming and outgoing arcs */

   assert(flowcands != NULL || nflowcands == 0);

   /* count the number of nodes in each commodity */
   for( i = 0; i < nflowcands; i++ )
   {
      int r;

      assert(flowcands != NULL);
      r = flowcands[i];
      assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
      assert((rownodeid[r] >= 0) == (rowcommodity[r] >= 0));
      if( rowcommodity[r] >= 0 )
      {
         assert(rowcommodity[r] < ncommodities);
         nnodespercom[rowcommodity[r]]++;
      }
   }

   assert(capacityrows != NULL || narcs == 0);

   /* count the number of arcs in each commodity */
   for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
   {
      SCIP_COL** rowcols;
      int rowlen;
      int r;
      int j;

      assert(capacityrows != NULL);
      r = SCIProwGetLPPos(capacityrows[a]);
      assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
      assert(rowarcid[r] == a);

      /* identify commodities which are touched by this arc capacity constraint */
      BMSclearMemoryArray(arcisincom, ncommodities);
      rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(rows[r]);
      rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(rows[r]);
      for( j = 0; j < rowlen; j++ )
      {
         int c;

         c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[j]);
         assert(0 <= c && c < ncols);
         if( colcommodity[c] >= 0 && colarcid[c] == a )
         {
            assert(colcommodity[c] < ncommodities);
            arcisincom[colcommodity[c]] = TRUE;
         }
      }

      /* increase arc counters of touched commodities */
      for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
      {
         if( arcisincom[k] )
            narcspercom[k]++;
      }
   }

   /* calculate maximal number of nodes per commodity */
   maxnnodes = 0;
   for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
      maxnnodes = MAX(maxnnodes, nnodespercom[k]);

   /* we want to keep only commodities that have at least a certain size relative
    * to the largest commodity
    */

   nnodesthreshold = (int)(MINCOMNODESFRACTION * maxnnodes);
   nnodesthreshold = MAX(nnodesthreshold, MINNODES);
   SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> node threshold: %d\n", nnodesthreshold);

   /* discard trivial commodities */
   newncommodities = 0;
   for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
   {
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> commodity %d: %d nodes, %d arcs\n", k, nnodespercom[k], narcspercom[k]);

      /* only keep commodities of a certain size that have at least one arc */
      if( nnodespercom[k] >= nnodesthreshold && narcspercom[k] >= 1 )
      {
         assert(newncommodities <= k);
         perm[k] = newncommodities;
         commoditysigns[newncommodities] = commoditysigns[k];
         newncommodities++;
      }
      else
         perm[k] = -1;
   }

   if( newncommodities < ncommodities )
   {
      SCIP_Bool* arcisused;
      SCIP_Bool* nodeisused;
      int newnarcs;
      int newnnodes;
      int c;
      int v;

      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> discarding %d of %d commodities\n", ncommodities - newncommodities, ncommodities);

      SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &arcisused, narcs) );
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &nodeisused, nnodes) );

      /* update data structures to new commodity ids */
      BMSclearMemoryArray(arcisused, narcs);
      BMSclearMemoryArray(nodeisused, nnodes);
      for( c = 0; c < ncols; c++ )
      {
         if( colcommodity[c] >= 0 )
         {
            assert(-1 <= colarcid[c] && colarcid[c] < narcs);
            assert(colcommodity[c] < mcfdata->ncommodities);
            colcommodity[c] = perm[colcommodity[c]];
            assert(colcommodity[c] < newncommodities);
            if( colcommodity[c] == -1 )
            {
               /* we are lazy and do not update plusflow and minusflow */
               colarcid[c] = -1;
            }
            else if( colarcid[c] >= 0 )
               arcisused[colarcid[c]] = TRUE;
         }
      }
      for( i = 0; i < nflowcands; i++ )
      {
         int r;

         assert(flowcands != NULL);
         r = flowcands[i];
         assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
         assert((rownodeid[r] >= 0) == (rowcommodity[r] >= 0));
         if( rowcommodity[r] >= 0 )
         {
            assert(0 <= rownodeid[r] && rownodeid[r] < nnodes);
            assert(rowcommodity[r] < mcfdata->ncommodities);
            rowcommodity[r] = perm[rowcommodity[r]];
            assert(rowcommodity[r] < newncommodities);
            if( rowcommodity[r] == -1 )
            {
               /* we are lazy and do not update flowrowsigns */
               rownodeid[r] = -1;
            }
            else
               nodeisused[rownodeid[r]] = TRUE;
         }
      }

      mcfdata->ncommodities = newncommodities;
      ncommodities = newncommodities;

      /* discard unused arcs */
      newnarcs = 0;
      for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
      {
         int r;

         assert(capacityrows != NULL);

         if( arcisused[a] )
         {
            assert(newnarcs <= a);
            perm[a] = newnarcs;
            capacityrows[newnarcs] = capacityrows[a];
            newnarcs++;
         }
         else
         {
            /* we are lazy and do not update capacityrowsigns */
            perm[a] = -1;
         }
         r = SCIProwGetLPPos(capacityrows[a]);
         assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
         assert(rowarcid[r] == a);
         rowarcid[r] = perm[a];
      }

      /* update remaining data structures to new arc ids */
      if( newnarcs < narcs )
      {
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> discarding %d of %d arcs\n", narcs - newnarcs, narcs);

         for( c = 0; c < ncols; c++ )
         {
            if( colarcid[c] >= 0 )
            {
               colarcid[c] = perm[colarcid[c]];
               assert(colarcid[c] >= 0); /* otherwise colarcid[c] was set to -1 in the colcommodity update */
            }
         }
         mcfdata->narcs = newnarcs;
         narcs = newnarcs;
      }
#ifndef NDEBUG
      for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
      {
         int r;
         assert(capacityrows != NULL);
         r = SCIProwGetLPPos(capacityrows[a]);
         assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
         assert(rowarcid[r] == a);
      }
#endif

      /* discard unused nodes */
      newnnodes = 0;
      for( v = 0; v < nnodes; v++ )
      {
         if( nodeisused[v] )
         {
            assert(newnnodes <= v);
            perm[v] = newnnodes;
            newnnodes++;
         }
         else
            perm[v] = -1;
      }

      /* update data structures to new node ids */
      if( newnnodes < nnodes )
      {
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> discarding %d of %d nodes\n", nnodes - newnnodes, nnodes);

         for( i = 0; i < nflowcands; i++ )
         {
            int r;

            assert(flowcands != NULL);
            r = flowcands[i];
            assert(0 <= r && r < nrows);
            assert((rownodeid[r] >= 0) == (rowcommodity[r] >= 0));
            if( rowcommodity[r] >= 0 )
            {
               assert(rowcommodity[r] < ncommodities);
               rownodeid[r] = perm[rownodeid[r]];
               assert(rownodeid[r] >= 0); /* otherwise we would have deleted the commodity in the rowcommodity update above */
            }
         }
         mcfdata->nnodes = newnnodes;
#ifdef MCF_DEBUG
         nnodes = newnnodes;
#endif
      }

      /* free temporary memory */
      SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &nodeisused);
      SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &arcisused);
   }

   /* empty commodities have been removed here */
   mcfdata->nemptycommodities = 0;

   /* free temporary memory */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &perm);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &arcisincom);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &narcspercom);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &nnodespercom);

   MCFdebugMessage("network after cleanup has %d nodes, %d arcs, and %d commodities\n", nnodes, narcs, ncommodities);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** for each arc identifies a source and target node */
static
SCIP_RETCODE identifySourcesTargets(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   SCIP_SEPADATA*        sepadata,           /**< separator data */
   MCFEFFORTLEVEL*       effortlevel         /**< pointer to store effort level of separation */
   )
{
   int*              colarcid                 = mcfdata->colarcid;
   int*              colcommodity             = mcfdata->colcommodity;
   int               narcs                    = mcfdata->narcs;
   int               nnodes                   = mcfdata->nnodes;
   int               ncommodities             = mcfdata->ncommodities;
   SCIP_ROW**        capacityrows             = mcfdata->capacityrows;
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE modeltype                = mcfdata->modeltype;
   SCIP_Real         maxinconsistencyratio    = sepadata->maxinconsistencyratio;
   SCIP_Real         maxarcinconsistencyratio = sepadata->maxarcinconsistencyratio;
   int*              arcsources;
   int*              arctargets;
   int*              colsources;
   int*              coltargets;
   int*              firstoutarcs;
   int*              firstinarcs;
   int*              nextoutarcs;
   int*              nextinarcs;

   SCIP_Real *sourcenodecnt;
   SCIP_Real *targetnodecnt;
   int *flowvarspercom;
   int *comtouched;
   int *touchednodes;
   int ntouchednodes;

   int ncols;
   SCIP_Real maxninconsistencies;

   int c;
   int v;
   int a;

   /* initialize effort level of separation */
   assert(effortlevel != NULL);
   *effortlevel = MCFEFFORTLEVEL_DEFAULT;

   ncols = SCIPgetNLPCols(scip);

   /* allocate memory in mcfdata */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->arcsources, narcs) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->arctargets, narcs) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->colsources, ncols) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->coltargets, ncols) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->firstoutarcs, nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->firstinarcs, nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->nextoutarcs, narcs) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemoryArray(scip, &mcfdata->nextinarcs, narcs) );
   arcsources   = mcfdata->arcsources;
   arctargets   = mcfdata->arctargets;
   colsources   = mcfdata->colsources;
   coltargets   = mcfdata->coltargets;
   firstoutarcs = mcfdata->firstoutarcs;
   firstinarcs  = mcfdata->firstinarcs;
   nextoutarcs  = mcfdata->nextoutarcs;
   nextinarcs   = mcfdata->nextinarcs;

   mcfdata->arcarraysize = narcs;

   /* initialize colsources and coltargets */
   for( c = 0; c < ncols; c++ )
   {
      colsources[c] = -2;
      coltargets[c] = -2;
   }

   /* initialize adjacency lists */
   for( v = 0; v < nnodes; v++ )
   {
      firstoutarcs[v] = -1;
      firstinarcs[v] = -1;
   }
   for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
   {
      nextoutarcs[a] = -1;
      nextinarcs[a] = -1;
   }

   /* allocate temporary memory for source and target node identification */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &sourcenodecnt, nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &targetnodecnt, nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &flowvarspercom, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &comtouched, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &touchednodes, nnodes) );

   BMSclearMemoryArray(sourcenodecnt, nnodes);
   BMSclearMemoryArray(targetnodecnt, nnodes);

   mcfdata->ninconsistencies = 0.0;
   maxninconsistencies = maxinconsistencyratio * (SCIP_Real)narcs;

   /* search for source and target nodes */
   for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
   {
      SCIP_COL** rowcols;
      int rowlen;
      int bestsourcev;
      int besttargetv;
      SCIP_Real bestsourcecnt;
      SCIP_Real besttargetcnt;
      SCIP_Real totalsourcecnt;
      SCIP_Real totaltargetcnt;
      SCIP_Real totalnodecnt;
      SCIP_Real nsourceinconsistencies;
      SCIP_Real ntargetinconsistencies;
      int ntouchedcoms;
      int i;
#ifndef NDEBUG
      int r;

      r = SCIProwGetLPPos(capacityrows[a]);
#endif
      assert(0 <= r && r < SCIPgetNLPRows(scip));
      assert((mcfdata->capacityrowsigns[r] & (LHSASSIGNED | RHSASSIGNED)) != 0);
      assert(mcfdata->rowarcid[r] == a);

#ifndef NDEBUG
      for( i = 0; i < nnodes; i++ )
      {
         assert(sourcenodecnt[i] == 0);
         assert(targetnodecnt[i] == 0);
      }
#endif

      rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(capacityrows[a]);
      rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(capacityrows[a]);

      /* count number of flow variables per commodity */
      BMSclearMemoryArray(flowvarspercom, ncommodities);
      BMSclearMemoryArray(comtouched, ncommodities);
      ntouchedcoms = 0;
      for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
      {
         c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
         assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
         if( colarcid[c] >= 0 )
         {
            int k = colcommodity[c];
            assert (0 <= k && k < ncommodities);
            flowvarspercom[k]++;
            if( !comtouched[k] )
            {
               ntouchedcoms++;
               comtouched[k] = TRUE;
            }
         }
      }

      /* if the row does not have any flow variable, it is not a capacity constraint */
      if( ntouchedcoms == 0 )
      {
         capacityrows[a] = NULL;
         arcsources[a] = -1;
         arctargets[a] = -1;
         continue;
      }

      /* check the flow variables of the capacity row for flow conservation constraints */
      ntouchednodes = 0;
      totalsourcecnt = 0.0;
      totaltargetcnt = 0.0;
      totalnodecnt = 0.0;
      for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
      {
         c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
         assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
         if( colarcid[c] >= 0 )
         {
            int k = colcommodity[c];
            int sourcev;
            int targetv;
            SCIP_Real weight;

            assert (0 <= k && k < ncommodities);
            assert (comtouched[k]);
            assert (flowvarspercom[k] >= 1);

            /* identify the (at most) two nodes which contain this flow variable */
            getIncidentNodes(scip, mcfdata, rowcols[i], &sourcev, &targetv);

            /* count the nodes */
            weight = 1.0/flowvarspercom[k];
            if( sourcev >= 0 )
            {
               if( sourcenodecnt[sourcev] == 0.0 && targetnodecnt[sourcev] == 0.0 )
               {
                  touchednodes[ntouchednodes] = sourcev;
                  ntouchednodes++;
               }
               sourcenodecnt[sourcev] += weight;
               totalsourcecnt += weight;
            }
            if( targetv >= 0 )
            {
               if( sourcenodecnt[targetv] == 0.0 && targetnodecnt[targetv] == 0.0 )
               {
                  touchednodes[ntouchednodes] = targetv;
                  ntouchednodes++;
               }
               targetnodecnt[targetv] += weight;
               totaltargetcnt += weight;
            }
            if( sourcev >= 0 || targetv >= 0 )
               totalnodecnt += weight;
         }
      }

      /* perform a majority vote on source and target node */
      bestsourcev = -1;
      besttargetv = -1;
      bestsourcecnt = 0.0;
      besttargetcnt = 0.0;
      for( i = 0; i < ntouchednodes; i++ )
      {
         v = touchednodes[i];
         assert(0 <= v && v < nnodes);

         if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED )
         {
            /* in the directed model, we distinguish between source and target */
            if( sourcenodecnt[v] >= targetnodecnt[v] )
            {
               if( sourcenodecnt[v] > bestsourcecnt )
               {
                  bestsourcev = v;
                  bestsourcecnt = sourcenodecnt[v];
               }
            }
            else
            {
               if( targetnodecnt[v] > besttargetcnt )
               {
                  besttargetv = v;
                  besttargetcnt = targetnodecnt[v];
               }
            }
         }
         else
         {
            SCIP_Real nodecnt = sourcenodecnt[v] + targetnodecnt[v];

            /* in the undirected model, we use source for the maximum and target for the second largest number of total hits */
            assert( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED );
            if( nodecnt > bestsourcecnt )
            {
               besttargetv = bestsourcev;
               besttargetcnt = bestsourcecnt;
               bestsourcev = v;
               bestsourcecnt = nodecnt;
            }
            else if( nodecnt > besttargetcnt )
            {
               besttargetv = v;
               besttargetcnt = nodecnt;
            }
         }

         /* clear the nodecnt arrays */
         sourcenodecnt[v] = 0;
         targetnodecnt[v] = 0;
      }

      /* check inconsistency of arcs */
      if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_UNDIRECTED )
      {
         totalsourcecnt = totalnodecnt;
         totaltargetcnt = totalnodecnt;
      }
      assert(SCIPisGE(scip,totalsourcecnt,bestsourcecnt));
      assert(SCIPisGE(scip,totaltargetcnt,besttargetcnt));
      nsourceinconsistencies = (totalsourcecnt - bestsourcecnt)/ntouchedcoms;
      ntargetinconsistencies = (totaltargetcnt - besttargetcnt)/ntouchedcoms;

      /* delete arcs that have to large inconsistency */
      if( nsourceinconsistencies > maxarcinconsistencyratio )
      {
         /* delete source assignment */
         bestsourcev = -1;
      }

      if( ntargetinconsistencies > maxarcinconsistencyratio )
      {
         /* delete target assignment */
         besttargetv = -1;
      }

      /* assign the incident nodes */
      assert(bestsourcev == -1 || bestsourcev != besttargetv);
      arcsources[a] = bestsourcev;
      arctargets[a] = besttargetv;
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "arc %d: %d -> %d (len=%d, sourcecnt=%g/%g, targetcnt=%g/%g, %g/%g inconsistencies)\n",
                       a, bestsourcev, besttargetv, rowlen,
                       bestsourcecnt, totalsourcecnt, besttargetcnt, totaltargetcnt,
                       nsourceinconsistencies, ntargetinconsistencies);

      /* update adjacency lists */
      if( bestsourcev != -1 )
      {
         nextoutarcs[a] = firstoutarcs[bestsourcev];
         firstoutarcs[bestsourcev] = a;
      }
      if( besttargetv != -1 )
      {
         nextinarcs[a] = firstinarcs[besttargetv];
         firstinarcs[besttargetv] = a;
      }

      /* update the number of inconsistencies */
      mcfdata->ninconsistencies += 0.5*(nsourceinconsistencies + ntargetinconsistencies);

      if( mcfdata->ninconsistencies > maxninconsistencies )
      {
         MCFdebugMessage(" -> reached maximal number of inconsistencies: %g > %g\n",
                         mcfdata->ninconsistencies, maxninconsistencies);
         break;
      }
   }

   /**@todo should we also use an aggressive parameter setting -- this should be done here */
   if( mcfdata->ninconsistencies <= maxninconsistencies && narcs > 0 && ncommodities > 0 )
      *effortlevel = MCFEFFORTLEVEL_DEFAULT;
   else
      *effortlevel = MCFEFFORTLEVEL_OFF;

   MCFdebugMessage("extracted network has %g inconsistencies (ratio %g) -> separating with effort %d\n",
                   mcfdata->ninconsistencies, mcfdata->ninconsistencies/(SCIP_Real)narcs, *effortlevel);

   /* free temporary memory */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &touchednodes);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &comtouched);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &flowvarspercom);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &targetnodecnt);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &sourcenodecnt);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

#define UNKNOWN 0  /**< node has not yet been seen */
#define ONSTACK 1  /**< node is currently on the processing stack */
#define VISITED 2  /**< node has been visited and assigned to some component */

/** returns lists of nodes and arcs in the connected component of the given startv */
static
SCIP_RETCODE identifyComponent(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   MCFDATA*              mcfdata,            /**< internal MCF extraction data to pass to subroutines */
   int*                  nodevisited,        /**< array to mark visited nodes */
   int                   startv,             /**< node for which the connected component should be generated */
   int*                  compnodes,          /**< array to store node ids of the component */
   int*                  ncompnodes,         /**< pointer to store the number of nodes in the component */
   int*                  comparcs,           /**< array to store arc ids of the component */
   int*                  ncomparcs           /**< pointer to store the number of arcs in the component */
   )
{
   int* arcsources   = mcfdata->arcsources;
   int* arctargets   = mcfdata->arctargets;
   int* firstoutarcs = mcfdata->firstoutarcs;
   int* firstinarcs  = mcfdata->firstinarcs;
   int* nextoutarcs  = mcfdata->nextoutarcs;
   int* nextinarcs   = mcfdata->nextinarcs;
   int  nnodes       = mcfdata->nnodes;

   int* stacknodes;
   int nstacknodes;

   assert(nodevisited != NULL);
   assert(0 <= startv && startv < nnodes);
   assert(nodevisited[startv] == UNKNOWN);
   assert(compnodes != NULL);
   assert(ncompnodes != NULL);
   assert(comparcs != NULL);
   assert(ncomparcs != NULL);

   *ncompnodes = 0;
   *ncomparcs = 0;

   /* allocate temporary memory for node stack */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &stacknodes, nnodes) );

   /* put startv on stack */
   stacknodes[0] = startv;
   nstacknodes = 1;
   nodevisited[startv] = ONSTACK;

   /* perform depth-first search */
   while( nstacknodes > 0 )
   {
      int v;
      int a;

      assert(firstoutarcs != NULL);
      assert(firstinarcs != NULL);
      assert(nextoutarcs != NULL);
      assert(nextinarcs != NULL);

      /* pop first element from stack */
      v = stacknodes[nstacknodes-1];
      nstacknodes--;
      assert(0 <= v && v < nnodes);
      assert(nodevisited[v] == ONSTACK);
      nodevisited[v] = VISITED;

      /* put node into component */
      assert(*ncompnodes < nnodes);
      compnodes[*ncompnodes] = v;
      (*ncompnodes)++;

      /* go through the list of outgoing arcs */
      for( a = firstoutarcs[v]; a != -1; a = nextoutarcs[a] )
      {
         int targetv;

         assert(0 <= a && a < mcfdata->narcs);
         assert(arctargets != NULL);

         targetv = arctargets[a];

         /* check if we have already visited the target node */
         if( targetv != -1 && nodevisited[targetv] == VISITED )
            continue;

         /* put arc to component */
         assert(*ncomparcs < mcfdata->narcs);
         comparcs[*ncomparcs] = a;
         (*ncomparcs)++;

         /* push target node to stack */
         if( targetv != -1 && nodevisited[targetv] == UNKNOWN )
         {
            assert(nstacknodes < nnodes);
            stacknodes[nstacknodes] = targetv;
            nstacknodes++;
            nodevisited[targetv] = ONSTACK;
         }
      }

      /* go through the list of ingoing arcs */
      for( a = firstinarcs[v]; a != -1; a = nextinarcs[a] )
      {
         int sourcev;

         assert(0 <= a && a < mcfdata->narcs);
         assert(arcsources != NULL);

         sourcev = arcsources[a];

         /* check if we have already seen the source node */
         if( sourcev != -1 && nodevisited[sourcev] == VISITED )
            continue;

         /* put arc to component */
         assert(*ncomparcs < mcfdata->narcs);
         comparcs[*ncomparcs] = a;
         (*ncomparcs)++;

         /* push source node to stack */
         if( sourcev != -1 && nodevisited[sourcev] == UNKNOWN )
         {
            assert(nstacknodes < nnodes);
            stacknodes[nstacknodes] = sourcev;
            nstacknodes++;
            nodevisited[sourcev] = ONSTACK;
         }
      }
   }

   /* free temporary memory */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &stacknodes);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** extracts MCF network structures from the current LP */
static
SCIP_RETCODE mcfnetworkExtract(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_SEPADATA*        sepadata,           /**< separator data */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK***    mcfnetworks,        /**< pointer to store array of MCF network structures */
   int*                  nmcfnetworks,       /**< pointer to store number of MCF networks */
   MCFEFFORTLEVEL*       effortlevel         /**< effort level of separation */
   )
{
   MCFDATA mcfdata;

   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE modeltype = (SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE) sepadata->modeltype;

   SCIP_Bool      failed;

   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   SCIP_COL** cols;
   int nrows;
   int ncols;
   int mcfnetworkssize;

   assert(mcfnetworks != NULL);
   assert(nmcfnetworks != NULL);
   assert(effortlevel != NULL);

   failed = FALSE;
   *effortlevel = MCFEFFORTLEVEL_OFF;
   *mcfnetworks = NULL;
   *nmcfnetworks = 0;
   mcfnetworkssize = 0;

   /* Algorithm to identify multi-commodity-flow network with capacity constraints
    *
    * 1. Identify candidate rows for flow conservation constraints in the LP.
    * 2. Sort flow conservation candidates by a ranking on how sure we are that it is indeed a constraint of the desired type.
    * 3. Extract network structure of flow conservation constraints:
    *    (a) Initialize plusflow[c] = minusflow[c] = FALSE for all columns c and other local data.
    *    (b) As long as there are flow conservation candidates left:
    *        (i) Create new commodity and use first flow conservation constraint as new row.
    *       (ii) Add new row to commodity, update pluscom/minuscom accordingly.
    *      (iii) For the newly added columns search for an incident flow conservation constraint. Pick the one of highest ranking.
    *            Reflect row or commodity if necessary (multiply with -1)
    *       (iv) If found, set new row to this row and goto (ii).
    *        (v) If only very few flow rows have been used, discard the commodity immediately.
    * 4. Identify candidate rows for capacity constraints in the LP.
    * 5. Sort capacity constraint candidates by a ranking on how sure we are that it is indeed a constraint of the desired type.
    * 6. Identify capacity constraints for the arcs and assign arc ids to columns and capacity constraints.
    * 7. Assign node ids to flow conservation constraints.
    * 8. PostProcessing
    *    a  if there are still undecided commodity signs, fix them to +1
    *    b  clean up the network: get rid of commodities without arcs or with at most one node
    *    c  assign source and target nodes to capacitated arc
    *    d  find uncapacitated arcs
    */

   /* get LP data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPRowsData(scip, &rows, &nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPColsData(scip, &cols, &ncols) );

   /* initialize local extraction data */
   mcfdata.flowrowsigns = NULL;
   mcfdata.flowrowscalars = NULL;
   mcfdata.flowrowscores = NULL;
   mcfdata.capacityrowsigns = NULL;
   mcfdata.capacityrowscores = NULL;
   mcfdata.flowcands = NULL;
   mcfdata.nflowcands = 0;
   mcfdata.capacitycands = NULL;
   mcfdata.ncapacitycands = 0;
   mcfdata.plusflow = NULL;
   mcfdata.minusflow = NULL;
   mcfdata.ncommodities = 0;
   mcfdata.nemptycommodities = 0;
   mcfdata.commoditysigns = NULL;
   mcfdata.commoditysignssize = 0;
   mcfdata.colcommodity = NULL;
   mcfdata.rowcommodity = NULL;
   mcfdata.colarcid = NULL;
   mcfdata.rowarcid = NULL;
   mcfdata.rownodeid = NULL;
   mcfdata.arcarraysize = 0;
   mcfdata.arcsources = NULL;
   mcfdata.arctargets = NULL;
   mcfdata.colsources = NULL;
   mcfdata.coltargets = NULL;
   mcfdata.firstoutarcs = NULL;
   mcfdata.firstinarcs = NULL;
   mcfdata.nextoutarcs = NULL;
   mcfdata.nextinarcs = NULL;
   mcfdata.newcols = NULL;
   mcfdata.nnewcols = 0;
   mcfdata.narcs = 0;
   mcfdata.nnodes = 0;
   mcfdata.ninconsistencies = 0.0;
   mcfdata.capacityrows = NULL;
   mcfdata.capacityrowssize = 0;
   mcfdata.colisincident = NULL;
   mcfdata.zeroarcarray = NULL;
   mcfdata.modeltype = modeltype;

   /* 1. identify candidate rows for flow conservation constraints in the LP
    * 2. Sort flow conservation candidates by a ranking on how sure we are that it is indeed a constraint of the desired type
    */
   SCIP_CALL( extractFlowRows(scip, &mcfdata) );
   assert(mcfdata.flowrowsigns != NULL);
   assert(mcfdata.flowrowscalars != NULL);
   assert(mcfdata.flowrowscores != NULL);
   assert(mcfdata.flowcands != NULL);

   if( mcfdata.nflowcands == 0 )
      failed = TRUE;

   if( !failed )
   {
      /* 3. extract network structure of flow conservation constraints. */
      /* coverity[var_deref_model] */
      SCIP_CALL( extractFlow(scip, &mcfdata, MAXFLOWVARFLOWROWRATIO, &failed) );
      assert(mcfdata.plusflow != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.minusflow != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.colcommodity != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.rowcommodity != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.newcols != NULL);
   }

   if( !failed )
   {
#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
      printCommodities(scip, &mcfdata);
#endif

      /* 4. identify candidate rows for capacity constraints in the LP
       * 5. sort capacity constraint candidates by a ranking on how sure we are that it is indeed a constraint of the desired type
       */
      SCIP_CALL( extractCapacityRows(scip, &mcfdata) );
      assert(mcfdata.capacityrowsigns != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.capacityrowscores != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.capacitycands != NULL);

      if( mcfdata.ncapacitycands == 0 )
         failed = TRUE;
   }

   if( !failed )
   {
      /* 6. arc-detection -- identify capacity constraints for the arcs and assign arc ids to columns and capacity constraints */
      SCIP_CALL( extractCapacities(scip, &mcfdata) );
      assert(mcfdata.colarcid != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.rowarcid != NULL);

      /* 7. node-detection -- assign node ids to flow conservation constraints */
      SCIP_CALL( extractNodes(scip, &mcfdata) );
      assert(mcfdata.rownodeid != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.colisincident != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.zeroarcarray != NULL);

      /* 8. postprocessing */
      /* 8.a if there are still undecided commodity signs, fix them to +1 */
      fixCommoditySigns(scip, &mcfdata);

      /* 8.b clean up the network: get rid of commodities without arcs or with at most one node */
      SCIP_CALL( cleanupNetwork(scip, &mcfdata) );

      /* 8.c construct incidence function -- assign source and target nodes to capacitated arcs */
      SCIP_CALL( identifySourcesTargets(scip, &mcfdata, sepadata, effortlevel) );
      assert(mcfdata.arcsources != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.arctargets != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.colsources != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.coltargets != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.firstoutarcs != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.firstinarcs != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.nextoutarcs != NULL);
      assert(mcfdata.nextinarcs != NULL);
   }

   if( !failed && *effortlevel != MCFEFFORTLEVEL_OFF)
   {
      int* nodevisited;
      int* compnodeid;
      int* compnodes;
      int* comparcs;
      int minnodes;
      int v;

      /* 8.d find uncapacitated arcs */
      SCIP_CALL( findUncapacitatedArcs(scip, &mcfdata) );

#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
      printCommodities(scip, &mcfdata);
#endif

      minnodes = MINNODES;

      /* allocate temporary memory for component finding */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &nodevisited, mcfdata.nnodes) );
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &compnodes, mcfdata.nnodes) );
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &comparcs, mcfdata.narcs) );
      BMSclearMemoryArray(nodevisited, mcfdata.nnodes);

      /* allocate temporary memory for v -> compv mapping */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &compnodeid, mcfdata.nnodes) );
      for( v = 0; v < mcfdata.nnodes; v++ )
         compnodeid[v] = -1;

      /* search components and create a network structure for each of them */
      for( v = 0; v < mcfdata.nnodes; v++ )
      {
         int ncompnodes;
         int ncomparcs;

         /* ignore nodes that have been already assigned to a component */
         assert(nodevisited[v] == UNKNOWN || nodevisited[v] == VISITED);
         if( nodevisited[v] == VISITED )
            continue;

         /* identify nodes and arcs of this component */
         SCIP_CALL( identifyComponent(scip, &mcfdata, nodevisited, v, compnodes, &ncompnodes, comparcs, &ncomparcs) );
         assert(ncompnodes >= 1);
         assert(compnodes[0] == v);
         assert(nodevisited[v] == VISITED);

         /* ignore network component if it is trivial */
         if( ncompnodes >= minnodes && ncomparcs >= MINARCS )
         {
            SCIP_MCFNETWORK* mcfnetwork;
            int i;

            /* make sure that we have enough memory for the new network pointer */
            assert(*nmcfnetworks <= MAXNETWORKS);
            assert(*nmcfnetworks <= mcfnetworkssize);
            if( *nmcfnetworks == mcfnetworkssize )
            {
               mcfnetworkssize = MAX(2*mcfnetworkssize, *nmcfnetworks+1);
               SCIP_CALL( SCIPreallocMemoryArray(scip, mcfnetworks, mcfnetworkssize) );
            }
            assert(*nmcfnetworks < mcfnetworkssize);

            /* create network data structure */
            SCIP_CALL( mcfnetworkCreate(scip, &mcfnetwork) );

            /* fill sparse network structure */
            SCIP_CALL( mcfnetworkFill(scip, mcfnetwork, &mcfdata, compnodeid, compnodes, ncompnodes, comparcs, ncomparcs) );

            /* insert in sorted network list */
            for( i = *nmcfnetworks; i > 0 && mcfnetwork->nnodes > (*mcfnetworks)[i-1]->nnodes; i-- )
               (*mcfnetworks)[i] = (*mcfnetworks)[i-1];
            (*mcfnetworks)[i] = mcfnetwork;
            (*nmcfnetworks)++;

            /* if we reached the maximal number of networks, update minnodes */
            if( *nmcfnetworks >= MAXNETWORKS )
               minnodes = MAX(minnodes, (*mcfnetworks)[*nmcfnetworks-1]->nnodes);

            /* if we exceeded the maximal number of networks, delete the last one */
            if( *nmcfnetworks > MAXNETWORKS )
            {
               SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> discarded network with %d nodes and %d arcs due to maxnetworks (minnodes=%d)\n",
                                (*mcfnetworks)[*nmcfnetworks-1]->nnodes, (*mcfnetworks)[*nmcfnetworks-1]->narcs, minnodes);
               SCIP_CALL( mcfnetworkFree(scip, &(*mcfnetworks)[*nmcfnetworks-1]) );
               (*nmcfnetworks)--;
            }
            assert(*nmcfnetworks <= MAXNETWORKS);
         }
         else
         {
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> discarded component with %d nodes and %d arcs\n", ncompnodes, ncomparcs);
         }
      }

      /* free temporary memory */
      SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &compnodeid);
      SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &comparcs);
      SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &compnodes);
      SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &nodevisited);
   }

   /* free memory */
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.arcsources);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.arctargets);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.colsources);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.coltargets);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.firstoutarcs);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.firstinarcs);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.nextoutarcs);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.nextinarcs);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.zeroarcarray);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.colisincident);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.capacityrows);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.rownodeid);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.rowarcid);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.colarcid);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.newcols);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.rowcommodity);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.colcommodity);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.commoditysigns);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.minusflow);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.plusflow);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.capacitycands);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.flowcands);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.capacityrowscores);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.capacityrowsigns);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.flowrowscores);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.flowrowscalars);
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &mcfdata.flowrowsigns);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}
#ifdef COUNTNETWORKVARIABLETYPES
/** extracts MCF network structures from the current LP */
static
SCIP_RETCODE printFlowSystemInfo(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK**     mcfnetworks,        /**< array of MCF network structures */
   int                   nmcfnetworks        /**< number of MCF networks */
   )
{
   SCIP_ROW** rows;
   SCIP_COL** cols;
   SCIP_Bool* colvisited;
   int nrows;
   int ncols;
   int m;
   int c;
   int a;
   int k;
   int v;
   int nflowrows = 0;
   int ncaprows = 0;
   int nflowvars = 0;
   int nintflowvars = 0;
   int nbinflowvars = 0;
   int ncontflowvars = 0;
   int ncapvars = 0;
   int nintcapvars = 0;
   int nbincapvars = 0;
   int ncontcapvars = 0;

   /* get LP data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPRowsData(scip, &rows, &nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetLPColsData(scip, &cols, &ncols) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &colvisited, ncols) );

   /* get flow variable types */
   for(c=0; c < ncols; c++)
      colvisited[c]=FALSE;

   MCFdebugMessage("\n\n****** VAR COUNTING ********* \n");

   for(m=0; m < nmcfnetworks; m++)
   {
      SCIP_MCFNETWORK* mcfnetwork = mcfnetworks[m];

      int narcs                           = mcfnetwork->narcs;
      int nnodes                          = mcfnetwork->nnodes;
      int ncommodities                    = mcfnetwork->ncommodities;
      SCIP_ROW**        arccapacityrows   = mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows;
      SCIP_ROW***       nodeflowrows      = mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows;
      int*              colcommodity      = mcfnetwork->colcommodity;

      /* get flow variable types */
      for(c=0; c < ncols; c++)
      {
         SCIP_COL*         col;

         if(colcommodity[c] >= 0 && ! colvisited[c])
         {
            /* this is a flow variable */
            nflowvars++;
            col = cols[c];
            colvisited[c] = TRUE;
            switch( SCIPvarGetType(SCIPcolGetVar(col)) )
            {
            case SCIP_VARTYPE_BINARY:
               nbinflowvars++;
               break;
            case SCIP_VARTYPE_INTEGER:
               nintflowvars++;
               break;
            case SCIP_VARTYPE_IMPLINT:
               nintflowvars++;
               break;
               case SCIP_VARTYPE_CONTINUOUS:
                  ncontflowvars++;
                  break;
            default:
               SCIPerrorMessage("unknown variable type\n");
               SCIPABORT();
               return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;  /*lint !e527*/
            }
         }
      }
      /* get capacity variable types and number of capacity rows*/
      for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
      {
         SCIP_ROW* row;
         row = arccapacityrows[a];

         if( row != NULL )
         {
            SCIP_COL** rowcols;
            int rowlen;
            int i;

            ncaprows++;
            rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(row);
            rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(row);

            for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
            {
               c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
               assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

               if(colcommodity[c] == -1 && ! colvisited[c] )
               {
                  ncapvars++;
                  colvisited[c] = TRUE;
                  switch( SCIPvarGetType(SCIPcolGetVar(rowcols[i]) ) )
                  {
                  case SCIP_VARTYPE_BINARY:
                     nbincapvars++;
                     break;
                  case SCIP_VARTYPE_INTEGER:
                     nintcapvars++;
                     break;
                  case SCIP_VARTYPE_IMPLINT:
                     nintcapvars++;
                     break;
                  case SCIP_VARTYPE_CONTINUOUS:
                     ncontcapvars++;
                     break;
                  default:
                     SCIPerrorMessage("unknown variable type\n");
                     SCIPABORT();
                     return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;  /*lint !e527*/
                  }
               }
            }
         }
      }
      /* get number of flow rows */
      for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
      {
         for( v = 0; v < nnodes; v++ )
         {
            SCIP_ROW*         row;
            row = nodeflowrows[v][k];

            if( row != NULL )
               nflowrows++;
         }
      }

      MCFdebugMessage("----- network %i -----\n",m);
      MCFdebugMessage("   nof flowrows: %5d\n", nflowrows);
      MCFdebugMessage("   nof caprows:  %5d\n", ncaprows);
      MCFdebugMessage("   nof flowvars: %5d of which [ %d , %d , %d ] are continuous, integer, binary\n",
         nflowvars, ncontflowvars, nintflowvars, nbinflowvars);
      MCFdebugMessage("   nof capvars:  %5d of which [ %d , %d , %d ] are continuous, integer, binary\n",
         ncapvars, ncontcapvars, nintcapvars, nbincapvars);
   }

   MCFdebugMessage("****** END VAR COUNTING ********* \n\n");

   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &colvisited);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}
#endif
/*
 * Union find methods
 * used for generating partitions of node sets and
 *      for checking connectivity of cut shores
 */

/** initializes a union find data structure by putting each element into its own set */
static
void unionfindInitSets(
   int*                  representatives,    /**< mapping an element v to its representative */
   int                   nelems              /**< number of elements in the ground set */
   )
{
   int v;

   /* we start with each element being in its own set */
   for( v = 0; v < nelems; v++ )
      representatives[v] = v;
}

/** applies a union find algorithm to get the representative of v */
static
int unionfindGetRepresentative(
   int*                  representatives,    /**< mapping an element v to its representative */
   int                   v                   /**< element v to get a representative for */
   )
{
   assert(representatives != NULL);

   while( v != representatives[v] )
   {
      representatives[v] = representatives[representatives[v]];
      v = representatives[v];
   }

   return v;
}

/** joins two sets in the union find framework */
static
void unionfindJoinSets(
   int*                  representatives,    /**< mapping an element v to its representative */
   int                   rep1,               /**< representative of first set */
   int                   rep2                /**< representative of second set */
   )
{
   assert(rep1 != rep2);
   assert(representatives[rep1] == rep1);
   assert(representatives[rep2] == rep2);

   /* make sure that the smaller representative survives
    *  -> element 0 is always a representative
    */
   if( rep1 < rep2 )
      representatives[rep2] = rep1;
   else
      representatives[rep1] = rep2;
}

/*
 * Node pair methods
 * used for shrinking the network based on nodepair-weights
 * -> creating partition
*/

/** comparison method for weighted nodepairs */
static
SCIP_DECL_SORTPTRCOMP(compNodepairs)
{
   NODEPAIRENTRY* nodepair1 = (NODEPAIRENTRY*)elem1;
   NODEPAIRENTRY* nodepair2 = (NODEPAIRENTRY*)elem2;

   if( nodepair1->weight > nodepair2->weight )
      return -1;
   else if( nodepair1->weight < nodepair2->weight )
      return +1;
   else
      return 0;
}

/** NodePair HashTable
 * gets the key of the given element */
static
SCIP_DECL_HASHGETKEY(hashGetKeyNodepairs)
{
   /*lint --e{715}*/
   /* the key is the element itself */
   return elem;
}

/** NodePair HashTable
 * returns TRUE iff both keys are equal;
 * two nodepairs are equal if both nodes equal
 */
static
SCIP_DECL_HASHKEYEQ(hashKeyEqNodepairs)
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK*  mcfnetwork;
#endif
   NODEPAIRENTRY*    nodepair1;
   NODEPAIRENTRY*    nodepair2;
   int source1;
   int source2;
   int target1;
   int target2;

#ifndef NDEBUG
   mcfnetwork = (SCIP_MCFNETWORK*)userptr;
   assert(mcfnetwork != NULL);
#endif

   nodepair1 = (NODEPAIRENTRY*)key1;
   nodepair2 = (NODEPAIRENTRY*)key2;

   assert(nodepair1 != NULL);
   assert(nodepair2 != NULL);

   source1 = nodepair1->node1;
   source2 = nodepair2->node1;
   target1 = nodepair1->node2;
   target2 = nodepair2->node2;

   assert(source1 >=0 && source1 < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
   assert(source2 >=0 && source2 < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
   assert(target1 >=0 && target1 < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
   assert(target2 >=0 && target2 < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
   assert(source1 <= target1);
   assert(source2 <= target2);

   return (source1 == source2 && target1 == target2);
}

/** NodePair HashTable
 * returns the hash value of the key */
static
SCIP_DECL_HASHKEYVAL(hashKeyValNodepairs)
{
#ifndef NDEBUG
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK*  mcfnetwork;
#endif
   NODEPAIRENTRY*    nodepair;
   int source;
   int target;
   unsigned int hashval;

#ifndef NDEBUG
   mcfnetwork = (SCIP_MCFNETWORK*)userptr;
   assert(mcfnetwork != NULL);
#endif

   nodepair = (NODEPAIRENTRY*)key;
   assert( nodepair != NULL);

   source = nodepair->node1;
   target = nodepair->node2;

   assert(source >=0 && source < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
   assert(target >=0 && target < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
   assert(source <= target);

   hashval = (source << 16) + target; /*lint !e701*/

   return hashval;
}

/** creates a priority queue and fills it with the given nodepair entries
 *
 */
static
SCIP_RETCODE nodepairqueueCreate(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK*      mcfnetwork,         /**< MCF network structure */
   NODEPAIRQUEUE**       nodepairqueue       /**< pointer to nodepair priority queue */
   )
{
   /* For every nodepair that is used in the network (at least one arc exists having this nodepair as endnodes)
    * we calculate a weight:
    * The weight w_st of a nodepair (s,t) is the minimum of the weights of all s-t and t-s arcs
    * The weight w_a of an arc a is calculated as:
    *    w_a : = s_a + pi_a
    * where s_a>=0 is the slack of the capacity constraint and pi_a<=0  its dual.
    * The weight of uncapacitated arcs (without capacity constraints) is infinite.
    */
#ifdef BETTERWEIGHTFORDEMANDNODES
   int          ncommodities;
   SCIP_ROW***  nodeflowrows;
   SCIP_Real**  nodeflowscales;
   SCIP_Real    maxweight;
   SCIP_Real    minweight;
#endif

#ifdef TIEBREAKING
   int*         colcommodity;
#endif

   SCIP_HASHTABLE* hashtable;
   NODEPAIRENTRY*  nodepairs;

   int hashtablesize;
   int a;
   int nnodepairs;
   int n;

   assert(mcfnetwork != NULL);

#ifdef BETTERWEIGHTFORDEMANDNODES
   ncommodities   = mcfnetwork->ncommodities;
   nodeflowrows   = mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows;
   nodeflowscales = mcfnetwork->nodeflowscales;
#endif

#ifdef TIEBREAKING
   colcommodity   = mcfnetwork->colcommodity;
#endif

   assert(nodepairqueue != NULL);

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBuffer(scip, nodepairqueue) );

   /* create a hash table for all used node pairs
    * hash table is only needed to have unique nodepairs (identify arcs using the same nodepair)
    */
   hashtablesize = mcfnetwork->narcs;
   hashtablesize = MAX(hashtablesize, HASHSIZE_NODEPAIRS);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPhashtableCreate(&hashtable, SCIPblkmem(scip), hashtablesize,
                                  hashGetKeyNodepairs, hashKeyEqNodepairs, hashKeyValNodepairs, (void*) mcfnetwork) );

   /* nodepairs will contain all constructed nodepairs and is used to fill the priority queue */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepairqueue)->nodepairs, mcfnetwork->narcs) );

   /* initialize hash table of all used node pairs and fill nodepairs */
   nnodepairs = 0;
   for( a = 0; a < mcfnetwork->narcs; a++ )
   {
      NODEPAIRENTRY  nodepair;
      NODEPAIRENTRY* nodepairptr;
      SCIP_ROW* capacityrow;

      capacityrow = mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a];

      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "arc %i = (%i %i)\n", a, mcfnetwork->arcsources[a], mcfnetwork->arctargets[a]);

      /* construct fresh nodepair: smaller node gets node1 in nodeentry */
      if( mcfnetwork->arcsources[a] <= mcfnetwork->arctargets[a] )
      {
         nodepair.node1 = mcfnetwork->arcsources[a];
         nodepair.node2 = mcfnetwork->arctargets[a];
      }
      else
      {
         nodepair.node2 = mcfnetwork->arcsources[a];
         nodepair.node1 = mcfnetwork->arctargets[a];
      }

      assert(nodepair.node1 < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
      assert(nodepair.node2 < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
      if( nodepair.node1 == -1 || nodepair.node2 == -1 )
         continue;

      /* construct arc weight of a */
      if( capacityrow != NULL )
      {
         SCIP_Real maxval;
         SCIP_Real slack;
         SCIP_Real dualsol;
         SCIP_Real scale;
#ifdef TIEBREAKING
         SCIP_Real totalflow;
         SCIP_Real totalcap;
         SCIP_COL** rowcols;
         int rowlen;
         int i;
         int c;
#endif

         slack = SCIPgetRowFeasibility(scip, mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a]);
         slack = MAX(slack, 0.0); /* can only be negative due to numerics */
         dualsol = SCIProwGetDualsol(mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a]);
         maxval = SCIPgetRowMaxCoef(scip, mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a]);
         scale = ABS(mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales[a])/maxval; /* divide by maxval to normalize rows */
         assert(scale > 0.0);

#ifdef TIEBREAKING
         /* get flow on arc for tie breaking */
         rowcols   = SCIProwGetCols(capacityrow);
         rowlen    = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(capacityrow);
         totalflow = 0.0;
         totalcap  = 0.0;
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " row <%s>: \n", SCIProwGetName(capacityrow));

         for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
         {
            c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[i]);
            assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));

            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "    col <%s>: %g\n", SCIPvarGetName(SCIPcolGetVar(rowcols[i])), SCIPcolGetPrimsol(rowcols[i]) );
            /* sum up flow on arc a*/
            if(colcommodity[c] >= 0)
            {
               SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "  flow  col <%s>: %g\n", SCIPvarGetName(SCIPcolGetVar(rowcols[i])), REALABS(SCIPcolGetPrimsol(rowcols[i])) );
               totalflow += REALABS(SCIPcolGetPrimsol(rowcols[i]));
            }
            else
            {
               SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "  cap  col <%s>: %g\n", SCIPvarGetName(SCIPcolGetVar(rowcols[i])), REALABS(SCIPcolGetPrimsol(rowcols[i])) );
               totalcap += REALABS(SCIPcolGetPrimsol(rowcols[i]));
            }
         }

         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "cap arc -- slack:%g -- dual:%g -- flow:%g -- cap:%g \n", scale * slack, dualsol/scale, totalflow * scale, totalcap * scale);
#else
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "cap arc -- slack:%g -- dual:%g1\n", scale * slack, dualsol/scale);
#endif

         /* put the arc weight into a fresh nodepair */
         nodepair.weight = scale * slack - ABS(dualsol)/scale;
#ifdef USEFLOWFORTIEBREAKING
         if( !SCIPisPositive(scip, nodepair.weight) )
         {
            nodepair.weight += totalflow * scale;
            nodepair.weight = MIN( nodepair.weight, -0.0001);
         }
#endif
#ifdef USECAPACITYFORTIEBREAKING
         if( !SCIPisPositive(scip, nodepair.weight) )
         {
            nodepair.weight += totalcap * scale;
            nodepair.weight = MIN( nodepair.weight, -0.0001);
         }
#endif
      }
      else
      {
         /* uncapacitated arc has infinite slack */
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "uncap arc ... slack infinite\n");
         nodepair.weight = SCIPinfinity(scip);
      }

      /* check if nodepair already exists in hash-table */
      nodepairptr = (NODEPAIRENTRY*)(SCIPhashtableRetrieve(hashtable, (void*) (&nodepair) ));

      /* if nodepair already exists update its weight */
      if( nodepairptr != NULL )
      {
         /* adapt weight */
         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "nodepair known [%d,%d] -- old weight:%g -- new weight:%g\n", nodepair.node1,nodepair.node2,nodepairptr->weight,
                          MIN(nodepair.weight, nodepairptr->weight));
         nodepairptr->weight = MIN(nodepair.weight, nodepairptr->weight);
      }
      else
      {
         /* no such nodepair in current hash table: insert into array and hashtable */
         nodepairs = (*nodepairqueue)->nodepairs;

         assert(nnodepairs < mcfnetwork->narcs);
         nodepairs[nnodepairs] = nodepair;
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPhashtableInsert(hashtable, (void*) (&nodepairs[nnodepairs]) ) );

         SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "new nodepair [%d,%d]-- weight:%g\n", nodepair.node1, nodepair.node2, nodepair.weight);

         nnodepairs++;
      }
   }

   /* free hash table */
   SCIPhashtableFree(&hashtable);

   /* we still have to fill the priority queue */

#ifdef BETTERWEIGHTFORDEMANDNODES
   /* initial weights have been calculated
    * we modify them now depending on the demand emanating at the endnodes of nodepairs
   */

   /* calculate max and min weight */
   maxweight = +1; /* we want maxweight to be positive */
   minweight = -1; /* we want minweight to be negative */
   nodepairs = (*nodepairqueue)->nodepairs;
   for( n = 0; n < nnodepairs; n++ )
   {
      /* maxweight should not be infinity (uncap arcs have infinity weight)*/
      if(!SCIPisInfinity(scip,nodepairs[n].weight))
         maxweight = MAX(maxweight, nodepairs[n].weight);

      minweight = MIN(minweight, nodepairs[n].weight);
   }

   SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "min/max weight:%g / %g\n", minweight, maxweight);
#endif

   /* initialize priority queue */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPpqueueCreate(&(*nodepairqueue)->pqueue, nnodepairs, 2.0, compNodepairs) );

   /* fill priority queue using array nodepairs */
   for( n = 0; n < nnodepairs; n++ )
   {
      int node1 = nodepairs[n].node1;
      int node2 = nodepairs[n].node2;

#ifdef BETTERWEIGHTFORDEMANDNODES
      SCIP_Real rhs = 0;
      SCIP_Bool hasdemand1 = FALSE;
      SCIP_Bool hasdemand2 = FALSE;

      int k; /* commodity */

      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "nodepair [%d,%d] weight %g\n", node1,node2,nodepairs[n].weight);
      /* check both nodes for their demand value in all commodities
       * the demand value can be read from the rhs
       * of the flowrows
       */
      /* node1 */
      for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
      {
         if( nodeflowrows[node1][k] == NULL )
            continue;

         if( nodeflowscales[node1][k] > 0.0 )
            rhs = SCIProwGetRhs(nodeflowrows[node1][k]) - SCIProwGetConstant(nodeflowrows[node1][k]);
         else
            rhs = SCIProwGetLhs(nodeflowrows[node1][k]) - SCIProwGetConstant(nodeflowrows[node1][k]);

         assert( !SCIPisInfinity(scip,ABS(rhs)) );

         if( ! SCIPisZero(scip, rhs) )
         {
            hasdemand1 = TRUE;
            break;
         }
      }

      /* node2 */
      for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
      {
         if( nodeflowrows[node2][k] == NULL )
            continue;

         if( nodeflowscales[node2][k] > 0.0 )
            rhs = SCIProwGetRhs(nodeflowrows[node2][k]) - SCIProwGetConstant(nodeflowrows[node2][k]);
         else
            rhs = SCIProwGetLhs(nodeflowrows[node2][k]) - SCIProwGetConstant(nodeflowrows[node2][k]);

         assert(! SCIPisInfinity(scip, ABS(rhs)));

         if( ! SCIPisZero(scip, rhs) )
         {
            hasdemand2 = TRUE;
            break;
         }
      }

      /* if one of the nodes has no demand increase the score
       * (slack arcs are still shrunk first)
       *
      */
      if( SCIPisPositive(scip, nodepairs[n].weight))
      {
         assert(SCIPisPositive(scip, maxweight));

         if( !hasdemand1 || !hasdemand2 )
            nodepairs[n].weight += maxweight;
      }
      else
      {
         assert( SCIPisNegative(scip, minweight));

         if( hasdemand1 && hasdemand2)
            nodepairs[n].weight += minweight;
      }
#endif
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "nodepair [%d,%d] weight %g\n", node1,node2,nodepairs[n].weight);

      /* fill priority queue */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPpqueueInsert((*nodepairqueue)->pqueue, (void*)&(*nodepairqueue)->nodepairs[n]) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}


/** frees memory of a nodepair queue */
static
void nodepairqueueFree(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   NODEPAIRQUEUE**       nodepairqueue       /**< pointer to nodepair priority queue */
   )
{
   assert(nodepairqueue != NULL);
   assert(*nodepairqueue != NULL);

   SCIPpqueueFree(&(*nodepairqueue)->pqueue);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepairqueue)->nodepairs);
   SCIPfreeBuffer(scip, nodepairqueue);
}


/** returns whether there are any nodepairs left on the queue */
static
SCIP_Bool nodepairqueueIsEmpty(
   NODEPAIRQUEUE*        nodepairqueue       /**< nodepair priority queue */
   )
{
   assert(nodepairqueue != NULL);

   return (SCIPpqueueFirst(nodepairqueue->pqueue) == NULL);
}


/** removes the top element from the nodepair priority queue, returns nodepair entry or NULL */
static
NODEPAIRENTRY* nodepairqueueRemove(
   NODEPAIRQUEUE*        nodepairqueue       /**< nodepair priority queue */
   )
{
   assert(nodepairqueue != NULL);

   return (NODEPAIRENTRY*)SCIPpqueueRemove(nodepairqueue->pqueue);
}

/*
 * Node partition methods
 * used for creating partitions of nodes
 * use  union find algorithm
*/

/** returns the representative node in the cluster of the given node */
static
int nodepartitionGetRepresentative(
   NODEPARTITION*        nodepartition,      /**< node partition data structure */
   int                   v                   /**< node id to get representative for */
   )
{
   return unionfindGetRepresentative(nodepartition->representatives, v);
}

/** joins two clusters given by their representative nodes */
static
void nodepartitionJoin(
   NODEPARTITION*        nodepartition,      /**< node partition data structure */
   int                   rep1,               /**< representative of first cluster */
   int                   rep2                /**< representative of second cluster */
   )
{
   unionfindJoinSets (nodepartition->representatives, rep1, rep2);
}

/** partitions nodes into a small number of clusters */
static
SCIP_RETCODE nodepartitionCreate(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK*      mcfnetwork,         /**< MCF network structure */
   NODEPARTITION**       nodepartition,      /**< pointer to node partition data structure */
   int                   nclusters           /**< number of clusters to generate */
   )
{
   NODEPAIRQUEUE* nodepairqueue;
   int* clustersize;
   int nclustersleft;
   int v;
   int c;
   int pos;

   assert(mcfnetwork != NULL);
   assert(nodepartition != NULL);
   assert(mcfnetwork->nnodes >= 1);

   /* allocate and initialize memory */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBuffer(scip, nodepartition) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepartition)->representatives, mcfnetwork->nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepartition)->nodeclusters, mcfnetwork->nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepartition)->clusternodes, mcfnetwork->nnodes) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepartition)->clusterbegin, nclusters+1) );
   (*nodepartition)->nclusters = 0;

   /* we start with each node being in its own cluster */
   unionfindInitSets((*nodepartition)->representatives, mcfnetwork->nnodes);

   /* create priority queue for nodepairs */
   SCIP_CALL( nodepairqueueCreate(scip, mcfnetwork, &nodepairqueue) );

   /* loop over nodepairs in order of their weights */
   nclustersleft = mcfnetwork->nnodes;
   while( !nodepairqueueIsEmpty(nodepairqueue) && nclustersleft > nclusters )
   {
      NODEPAIRENTRY* nodepair;
      int node1;
      int node2;
      SCIP_Real weight;
      int node1rep;
      int node2rep;

      /* get the next nodepair */
      nodepair = nodepairqueueRemove(nodepairqueue);
      assert(nodepair != NULL);
      node1 = nodepair->node1;
      node2 = nodepair->node2;
      SCIPdebug( weight = nodepair->weight; )

      assert(node1 >= 0 && node1 < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
      assert(node2 >= 0 && node2 < mcfnetwork->nnodes);

      /* identify the representatives of the two nodes */
      node1rep = nodepartitionGetRepresentative(*nodepartition, node1);
      node2rep = nodepartitionGetRepresentative(*nodepartition, node2);
      assert(0 <= node1rep && node1rep < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
      assert(0 <= node2rep && node2rep < mcfnetwork->nnodes);

      /* there is nothing to do if the two nodes are already in the same cluster */
      if( node1rep == node2rep )
         continue;

      /* shrink nodepair by joining the two clusters */
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "shrinking nodepair (%d,%d) with weight %g: join representatives %d and %d\n",
                       node1, node2, weight, node1rep, node2rep);
      nodepartitionJoin(*nodepartition, node1rep, node2rep);
      nclustersleft--;
   }

   /* node 0 must be a representative due to our join procedure */
   assert((*nodepartition)->representatives[0] == 0);

   /* if there have been too few arcs to shrink the graph to the required number of clusters, join clusters with first cluster
    * to create a larger disconnected cluster
    */
   if( nclustersleft > nclusters )
   {
      for( v = 1; v < mcfnetwork->nnodes && nclustersleft > nclusters; v++ )
      {
         int rep;

         rep = nodepartitionGetRepresentative(*nodepartition, v);
         if( rep != 0 )
         {
            nodepartitionJoin(*nodepartition, 0, rep);
            nclustersleft--;
         }
      }
   }
   assert(nclustersleft <= nclusters);

   /* extract the clusters */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &clustersize, nclusters) );
   BMSclearMemoryArray(clustersize, nclusters);
   for( v = 0; v < mcfnetwork->nnodes; v++ )
   {
      int rep;

      /* get cluster of node */
      rep = nodepartitionGetRepresentative(*nodepartition, v);
      assert(rep <= v); /* due to our joining procedure */
      if( rep == v )
      {
         /* node is its own representative: this is a new cluster */
         c = (*nodepartition)->nclusters;
         (*nodepartition)->nclusters++;
      }
      else
         c = (*nodepartition)->nodeclusters[rep];
      assert(0 <= c && c < nclusters);

      /* assign node to cluster */
      (*nodepartition)->nodeclusters[v] = c;
      clustersize[c]++;
   }

   /* fill the clusterbegin array */
   pos = 0;
   for( c = 0; c < (*nodepartition)->nclusters; c++ )
   {
      (*nodepartition)->clusterbegin[c] = pos;
      pos += clustersize[c];
   }
   assert(pos == mcfnetwork->nnodes);
   (*nodepartition)->clusterbegin[(*nodepartition)->nclusters] = mcfnetwork->nnodes;

   /* fill the clusternodes array */
   BMSclearMemoryArray(clustersize, (*nodepartition)->nclusters);
   for( v = 0; v < mcfnetwork->nnodes; v++ )
   {
      c = (*nodepartition)->nodeclusters[v];
      assert(0 <= c && c < (*nodepartition)->nclusters);
      pos = (*nodepartition)->clusterbegin[c] + clustersize[c];
      assert(pos < (*nodepartition)->clusterbegin[c+1]);
      (*nodepartition)->clusternodes[pos] = v;
      clustersize[c]++;
   }

   /* free temporary memory */
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &clustersize);

   /* free nodepair queue */
   nodepairqueueFree(scip, &nodepairqueue);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** frees node partition data */
static
void nodepartitionFree(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   NODEPARTITION**       nodepartition       /**< pointer to node partition data structure */
   )
{
   assert(nodepartition != NULL);
   assert(*nodepartition != NULL);

   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepartition)->clusterbegin);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepartition)->clusternodes);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepartition)->nodeclusters);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &(*nodepartition)->representatives);
   SCIPfreeBuffer(scip, nodepartition);
}

/** returns whether given node v is in a cluster that belongs to the partition S */
static
SCIP_Bool nodeInPartition(
   NODEPARTITION*        nodepartition,      /**< node partition data structure, or NULL */
   unsigned int          partition,          /**< partition of nodes, or node number in single-node partition */
   SCIP_Bool             inverted,           /**< should partition be inverted? */
   int                   v                   /**< node to check */
   )
{
   /* if the node does not exist, it is not in the partition
    * (and also not in the inverted partition)
    */
   if( v < 0 )
      return FALSE;

   if( nodepartition == NULL )
      return ((v == (int)partition) == !inverted);
   else
   {
      int cluster;
      unsigned int clusterbit;

      cluster = nodepartition->nodeclusters[v];
      assert(0 <= cluster && cluster < nodepartition->nclusters);
      clusterbit = (1 << cluster); /*lint !e701*/

      return (((partition & clusterbit) != 0) == !inverted);
   }
}

/** returns whether each of the sets S and T defined by the nodepartition is connected */
static
int nodepartitionIsConnected(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK*      mcfnetwork,         /**< MCF network structure */
   NODEPARTITION*        nodepartition,      /**< node partition data structure */
   unsigned int          partition           /**< partition of nodes, or node number in single-node partition */
   )
{
   const int* nodeclusters = nodepartition->nodeclusters;
   const int* arcsources   = mcfnetwork->arcsources;
   const int* arctargets   = mcfnetwork->arctargets;
   int        narcs        = mcfnetwork->narcs;
   int        nclusters;

   int  ncomponents;
   int  a;
   int* rep;

   assert(nodepartition->nodeclusters != NULL);
   nclusters = nodepartition->nclusters;

   if( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &rep, nclusters) != SCIP_OKAY )
      return 0;

   /* start with each cluster being isolated */
   unionfindInitSets(rep, nclusters);
   ncomponents = nclusters;
   assert(ncomponents >= 2);

   /* for each arc within S or within T join the connected clusters */
   for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
   {
      int s = arcsources[a];
      int t = arctargets[a];

      /* ignore arcs that connect the pseudo node -1 */
      if( s == -1 || t == -1 )
         continue;

      /* check if arc is within one of the components */
      if( nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, FALSE, s) == nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, FALSE, t) )
      {
         int cs;
         int ct;
         int repcs;
         int repct;

         assert(0 <= s && s < mcfnetwork->nnodes);
         assert(0 <= t && t < mcfnetwork->nnodes);

         /* get clusters of the two nodes */
         cs = nodeclusters[s];
         ct = nodeclusters[t];
         assert(0 <= cs && cs < nclusters);
         assert(0 <= ct && ct < nclusters);

         /* nothing to do if we are already in the same cluster */
         if( cs == ct )
            continue;

         /* get representatives of clusters in the union structure */
         repcs = unionfindGetRepresentative (rep, cs);
         repct = unionfindGetRepresentative (rep, ct);
         if( repcs == repct )
            continue;

         /* the arc connects two previously unconnected components of S or T */

         /* check if we already reached two distinct components */
         ncomponents--;
         if( ncomponents <= 2 )
            break;

         /* join the two cluster sets and continue */
         unionfindJoinSets (rep, repcs, repct);
      }
   }

   /* each of the two shores S and T are connected if we were able to shrink the graph
      into two components */
   assert(ncomponents >= 2);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &rep);
   return (ncomponents == 2);
}

#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
static
void nodepartitionPrint(
   NODEPARTITION*        nodepartition       /**< node partition data structure */
   )
{
   int c;

   for( c = 0; c < nodepartition->nclusters; c++ )
   {
      int i;

      MCFdebugMessage("cluster %d:", c);
      for( i = nodepartition->clusterbegin[c]; i < nodepartition->clusterbegin[c+1]; i++ )
         MCFdebugMessage(" %d", nodepartition->clusternodes[i]);
      MCFdebugMessage("\n");
   }
}
#endif

#ifdef OUTPUTGRAPH
/** generates a GML file to visualize the network graph and LP solution */
static
SCIP_RETCODE outputGraph(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK*      mcfnetwork,         /**< MCF network structure */
   NODEPARTITION*        nodepartition,      /**< node partition data structure, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             inverted,           /**< should partition be inverted? */
   unsigned int          partition           /**< partition of nodes, or node number */
   )
{
   FILE* file;
   char filename[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int v;
   int a;

   /* open file */
   if( nodepartition == NULL )
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(filename, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "mcf-node-%d.gml", partition);
   else
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(filename, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "mcf-part-%d.gml", partition);
   SCIPinfoMessage(scip, NULL, "creating GML output file <%s>...\n", filename);
   file = fopen(filename, "w");
   if( file == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("cannot create GML output file <%s>\n", filename);
      return SCIP_FILECREATEERROR;
   }

   /* print GML header */
   fprintf(file, "graph\n");
   fprintf(file, "[\n");
   fprintf(file, "        hierarchic      1\n");
   fprintf(file, "        label   \"\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "        directed        1\n");

   /* nodes */
   for( v = 0; v < mcfnetwork->nnodes; v++ )
   {
      char label[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
      SCIP_Bool inpartition;

      if( mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows[v][0] != NULL )
         (void) SCIPsnprintf(label, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "%s", SCIProwGetName(mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows[v][0]));
      else
         (void) SCIPsnprintf(label, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "%d", v);
      inpartition = nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, v);

      fprintf(file, "        node\n");
      fprintf(file, "        [\n");
      fprintf(file, "                id      %d\n", v);
      fprintf(file, "                label   \"%s\"\n", label);
      fprintf(file, "                graphics\n");
      fprintf(file, "                [\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        w       30.0\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        h       30.0\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        type    \"ellipse\"\n");
      if( inpartition )
         fprintf(file, "                        fill    \"#FF0000\"\n");
      else
         fprintf(file, "                        fill    \"#00FF00\"\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        outline \"#000000\"\n");
      fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
      fprintf(file, "                LabelGraphics\n");
      fprintf(file, "                [\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        text    \"%s\"\n", label);
      fprintf(file, "                        fontSize        13\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        fontName        \"Dialog\"\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        anchor  \"c\"\n");
      fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
      if( inpartition )
         fprintf(file, "                gid     %d\n", mcfnetwork->nnodes+1);
      else
         fprintf(file, "                gid     %d\n", mcfnetwork->nnodes+2);
      fprintf(file, "        ]\n");
   }

   /* dummy node for missing arc sources or arc targets */
   fprintf(file, "        node\n");
   fprintf(file, "        [\n");
   fprintf(file, "                id      %d\n", mcfnetwork->nnodes);
   fprintf(file, "                label   \"?\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                graphics\n");
   fprintf(file, "                [\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        w       30.0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        h       30.0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        type    \"ellipse\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fill    \"#FFFFFF\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        outline \"#000000\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
   fprintf(file, "                LabelGraphics\n");
   fprintf(file, "                [\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        text    \"?\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fontSize        13\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fontName        \"Dialog\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        anchor  \"c\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
   fprintf(file, "        ]\n");

   /* group node for partition S */
   fprintf(file, "        node\n");
   fprintf(file, "        [\n");
   fprintf(file, "                id      %d\n", mcfnetwork->nnodes+1);
   fprintf(file, "                label   \"Partition S\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                graphics\n");
   fprintf(file, "                [\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        type    \"roundrectangle\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fill    \"#CAECFF84\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        outline \"#666699\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        outlineStyle    \"dotted\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        topBorderInset  0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        bottomBorderInset       0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        leftBorderInset 0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        rightBorderInset        0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
   fprintf(file, "                LabelGraphics\n");
   fprintf(file, "                [\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        text    \"Partition S\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fill    \"#99CCFF\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fontSize        15\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fontName        \"Dialog\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        alignment       \"right\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        autoSizePolicy  \"node_width\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        anchor  \"t\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        borderDistance  0.0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
   fprintf(file, "                isGroup 1\n");
   fprintf(file, "        ]\n");

   /* group node for partition T */
   fprintf(file, "        node\n");
   fprintf(file, "        [\n");
   fprintf(file, "                id      %d\n", mcfnetwork->nnodes+2);
   fprintf(file, "                label   \"Partition T\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                graphics\n");
   fprintf(file, "                [\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        type    \"roundrectangle\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fill    \"#CAECFF84\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        outline \"#666699\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        outlineStyle    \"dotted\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        topBorderInset  0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        bottomBorderInset       0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        leftBorderInset 0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        rightBorderInset        0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
   fprintf(file, "                LabelGraphics\n");
   fprintf(file, "                [\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        text    \"Partition T\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fill    \"#99CCFF\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fontSize        15\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        fontName        \"Dialog\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        alignment       \"right\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        autoSizePolicy  \"node_width\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        anchor  \"t\"\n");
   fprintf(file, "                        borderDistance  0.0\n");
   fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
   fprintf(file, "                isGroup 1\n");
   fprintf(file, "        ]\n");

   /* arcs */
   for( a = 0; a < mcfnetwork->narcs; a++ )
   {
      SCIP_ROW* row;
      SCIP_Real slack;
      SCIP_Bool hasfractional;
      char label[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];

      if( mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a] != NULL )
         (void) SCIPsnprintf(label, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "%s", SCIProwGetName(mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a]));
      else
         (void) SCIPsnprintf(label, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "%d", a);

      hasfractional = FALSE;
      row = mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows[a];
      if( row != NULL )
      {
         SCIP_COL** rowcols;
         int rowlen;
         int i;

         slack = ABS(mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales[a]) * SCIPgetRowLPFeasibility(scip, row);
         rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(row);
         rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(row);
         for( i = 0; i < rowlen; i++ )
         {
            SCIP_VAR* var;

            var = SCIPcolGetVar(rowcols[i]);
            if( SCIPvarIsIntegral(var) && !SCIPisFeasIntegral(scip, SCIPvarGetLPSol(var)) )
            {
               hasfractional = TRUE;
               break;
            }
         }
      }
      else
         slack = SCIPinfinity(scip);

      fprintf(file, "        edge\n");
      fprintf(file, "        [\n");
      fprintf(file, "                source  %d\n", mcfnetwork->arcsources[a] >= 0 ? mcfnetwork->arcsources[a] : mcfnetwork->nnodes);
      fprintf(file, "                target  %d\n", mcfnetwork->arctargets[a] >= 0 ? mcfnetwork->arctargets[a] : mcfnetwork->nnodes);
      fprintf(file, "                label \"%s\"\n", label);
      fprintf(file, "                graphics\n");
      fprintf(file, "                [\n");
      if( SCIPisFeasPositive(scip, slack) )
         fprintf(file, "                        fill    \"#000000\"\n");
      else
         fprintf(file, "                        fill    \"#FF0000\"\n");
      if( hasfractional )
         fprintf(file, "                        style   \"dashed\"\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        width   1\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        targetArrow     \"standard\"\n");
      fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
      fprintf(file, "                LabelGraphics\n");
      fprintf(file, "                [\n");
      fprintf(file, "                        text    \"%s\"\n", label);
      fprintf(file, "                ]\n");
      fprintf(file, "        ]\n");
   }

   /* print GML footer */
   fprintf(file, "]\n");

   /* close file */
   fclose(file);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}
#endif

/** adds given cut to LP if violated */
static
SCIP_RETCODE addCut(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_SEPA*            sepa,               /**< separator */
   SCIP_SEPADATA*        sepadata,           /**< separator data */
   SCIP_SOL*             sol,                /**< the solution that should be separated, or NULL for LP solution */
   SCIP_Real*            cutcoefs,           /**< coefficients of active variables in cut */
   SCIP_Real             cutrhs,             /**< right hand side of cut */
   int*                  cutinds,            /**< problem indices of variables with non-zero coefficient */
   int                   cutnnz,             /**< number of non-zeros in cut */
   SCIP_Bool             cutislocal,         /**< is the cut only locally valid? */
   int                   cutrank,            /**< rank of the cut */
   int*                  ncuts,              /**< pointer to count the number of added cuts */
   SCIP_Bool*            cutoff              /**< pointer to store whether a cutoff was found */
   )
{
   SCIP_ROW* cut;
   char cutname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   SCIP_VAR** vars;
   int nvars;
   int i;

   /* variables for knapsack cover separation */
   SCIP_VAR** cutvars;

   assert(scip != NULL);
   assert(sepadata != NULL);
   assert(cutcoefs != NULL);
   assert(ncuts != NULL);
   assert(cutoff != NULL);

   /* get active problem variables */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPgetVarsData(scip, &vars, &nvars, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) );
   assert(nvars == 0 || vars != NULL);

   *cutoff = FALSE;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &cutvars, cutnnz) );

   for( i = 0; i < cutnnz; ++i )
   {
      cutvars[i] = vars[cutinds[i]];
   }

   /* create the cut */
   (void) SCIPsnprintf(cutname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "mcf%d_%d", SCIPgetNLPs(scip), *ncuts);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPcreateEmptyRowSepa(scip, &cut, sepa, cutname, -SCIPinfinity(scip), cutrhs, cutislocal, FALSE,
         sepadata->dynamiccuts) );

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddVarsToRow(scip, cut, cutnnz, cutvars, cutcoefs) );

   /* set cut rank */
   SCIProwChgRank(cut, cutrank);

   /* check efficacy */
   assert(SCIPisCutEfficacious(scip, sol, cut));

   SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> found MCF cut <%s>: rhs=%f, act=%f eff=%f rank=%d\n",
                cutname, cutrhs, SCIPgetRowSolActivity(scip, cut, sol), SCIPgetCutEfficacy(scip, sol, cut), SCIProwGetRank(cut));
   /*SCIPdebug( SCIP_CALL(SCIPprintRow(scip, cut, NULL)) );*/

   if( !cutislocal )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddPoolCut(scip, cut) );
   }
   else
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddRow(scip, cut, FALSE, cutoff) );
   }
   (*ncuts)++;

   /* release the row */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPreleaseRow(scip, &cut) );

   if( !(*cutoff) && sepadata->separateknapsack)
   {
      /* relax cut to knapsack row and separate lifted cover cuts */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPseparateRelaxedKnapsack(scip, NULL, sepa, cutnnz, cutvars, cutcoefs, +1.0, cutrhs, sol, cutoff, ncuts) );
   }
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &cutvars);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** enumerates cuts between subsets of the clusters
 *  generates single-node cuts if nodepartition == NULL, otherwise generates cluster cuts
 */
static
SCIP_RETCODE generateClusterCuts(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_SEPA*            sepa,               /**< separator */
   SCIP_SEPADATA*        sepadata,           /**< separator data */
   SCIP_SOL*             sol,                /**< the solution that should be separated, or NULL for LP solution */
   SCIP_Bool             allowlocal,         /**< should local cuts be allowed */
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK*      mcfnetwork,         /**< MCF network structure */
   NODEPARTITION*        nodepartition,      /**< node partition data structure, or NULL */
   int*                  ncuts,              /**< pointer to count the number of added cuts */
   SCIP_Bool*            cutoff              /**< pointer to store whether a cutoff was found */
   )
{
   SCIP_ROW***       nodeflowrows      = mcfnetwork->nodeflowrows;
   SCIP_Real**       nodeflowscales    = mcfnetwork->nodeflowscales;
   SCIP_Bool**       nodeflowinverted  = mcfnetwork->nodeflowinverted;
   SCIP_ROW**        arccapacityrows   = mcfnetwork->arccapacityrows;
   SCIP_Real*        arccapacityscales = mcfnetwork->arccapacityscales;
   int*              colcommodity      = mcfnetwork->colcommodity;
   int*              arcsources        = mcfnetwork->arcsources;
   int*              arctargets        = mcfnetwork->arctargets;
   int               nnodes            = mcfnetwork->nnodes;
   int               narcs             = mcfnetwork->narcs;
   int               ncommodities      = mcfnetwork->ncommodities;
   SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE modeltype         = mcfnetwork->modeltype;
   MCFEFFORTLEVEL    effortlevel       = sepadata->effortlevel;
   int maxsepacuts;

   int nrows;
   int nvars;

   SCIP_AGGRROW* aggrrow;
   SCIP_Real* cutcoefs;
   SCIP_Real* deltas;
   int* cutinds;
   int deltassize;
   int ndeltas;
   SCIP_Real* rowweights;
   SCIP_Real* comcutdemands;
   SCIP_Real* comdemands;
   unsigned int partition;
   unsigned int allpartitions;
   unsigned int startpartition;
   SCIP_Bool useinverted;
   SCIP_Bool inverted;
   int maxtestdelta;

   int oldncuts = 0; /* to check success of separation for one nodeset */
   *cutoff = FALSE;

   assert( effortlevel == MCFEFFORTLEVEL_AGGRESSIVE || effortlevel == MCFEFFORTLEVEL_DEFAULT );
   nrows = SCIPgetNLPRows(scip);
   nvars = SCIPgetNVars(scip);

   /* get the maximal number of cuts allowed in a separation round */
   if( SCIPgetDepth(scip) == 0 )
      maxsepacuts = sepadata->maxsepacutsroot;
   else
      maxsepacuts = sepadata->maxsepacuts;
   if( maxsepacuts < 0 )
      maxsepacuts = INT_MAX;
   else if( effortlevel == MCFEFFORTLEVEL_AGGRESSIVE )
      maxsepacuts *= 2;

   /* get the maximal number of deltas to use for cmir separation */
   maxtestdelta = sepadata->maxtestdelta;
   if( maxtestdelta <= 0 )
      maxtestdelta = INT_MAX;
   else if( effortlevel == MCFEFFORTLEVEL_AGGRESSIVE )
      maxtestdelta *= 2;

   /* Our system has the following form:
    *  (1)  \sum_{a \in \delta^+(v)} f_a^k  - \sum_{a \in \delta^-(v)} f_a^k  <=  -d_v^k   for all v \in V and k \in K
    *  (2)  \sum_{k \in K} f_a^k - c_a x_a                                    <=  0        for all a \in A
    *
    * The partitioning yields two clusters:
    *
    *                A^+
    *   cluster S  ------>  cluster T
    *              <------
    *                A^-
    *
    * Now we look at all commodities in which we have to route flow from T to S:
    *   K^+ = {k : d^k_S := sum_{v \in S} d_v^k > 0}
    *
    * Then, the base constraint of the c-MIR cut is the sum of those flow conservation constraints and the
    * capacity constraints for arcs A^-:
    *
    *   sum_{k \in K^+} sum_{v \in S} (sum_{a \in \delta^+(v)} f_a^k  - sum_{a \in \delta^-(v)} f_a^k)           <=  sum_{k \in K^+} sum_{v \in S} -d_v^k
    *                                                           + sum_{a \in A^-} sum_{k \in K} f_a^k - c_a x_a  <=  0
    */

   deltassize = 16;
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &deltas, deltassize) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &rowweights, nrows) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &comcutdemands, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &comdemands, ncommodities) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &cutcoefs, nvars) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocBufferArray(scip, &cutinds, nvars) );

   /* create empty aggregation row */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaggrRowCreate(scip, &aggrrow) );

   if( nodepartition == NULL )
   {
      /* loop over all nodes and generate single-node cuts */
      startpartition = 0;
      allpartitions = (unsigned int) nnodes;
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "maxtestdelta: %d, maxsepacuts: %d, nnodes: %d \n", maxtestdelta, maxsepacuts, nnodes);
   }
   else
   {
      /* loop over all possible partitions of the clusters;
       * cluster i is in S iff bit i of 'partition' is 1
       */
      int nclusters = nodepartition->nclusters;

      assert((unsigned int)nclusters <= 8*sizeof(unsigned int));
      SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "maxtestdelta: %d, maxsepacuts: %d, nclusters: %d \n", maxtestdelta, maxsepacuts, nclusters);

      /* We fix the last cluster to belong to partition T. In the undirected case, this is sufficient,
       * because S-T is equivalent to T-S. In the directed case, the loop below is conducted two times,
       * one with regular S-T and one with inverted partitions.
       */
      startpartition = 1;
      allpartitions = (1 << (nclusters-1)); /*lint !e701*/
   }
   useinverted = (mcfnetwork->modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED);

   for( partition = startpartition; partition <= allpartitions-1 && !SCIPisStopped(scip) && *ncuts < maxsepacuts && !*cutoff; partition++ )
   {
      int v;
      int a;
      int k;
      int d;
      int nnodesinS;
      SCIP_Bool success;
      /* variables for flowcutset separation */
      SCIP_Real baserhs;
      SCIP_Real bestdelta = 1.0;
      SCIP_Real bestefficacy;
      SCIP_Real f0;

      if( sepadata->checkcutshoreconnectivity )
      {
         if( nodepartition != NULL && !nodepartitionIsConnected(scip, mcfnetwork, nodepartition, partition ) )
         {
            /* if S or T are not connected, it is very likely that there is a cut in our cluster partition
               that gives dominating inequalities
             */
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "generating cluster cuts for partition 0x%x \n", partition );
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> either shore S or shore T is not connected - skip partition.\n");
            continue;
         }
      }

      for( inverted = FALSE; inverted <= useinverted && !*cutoff; inverted++ )
      {
         if( nodepartition == NULL )
         {
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "generating single-node cuts for node %u (inverted: %u)\n", partition, inverted);
         }
         else
         {
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "generating cluster cuts for partition 0x%x (inverted: %u)\n", partition, inverted);
         }

#ifdef OUTPUTGRAPH
         SCIP_CALL( outputGraph(scip, mcfnetwork, nodepartition, inverted, partition) );
#endif
         /* Check if S and T are connected via union find algorithm.
          * We do not check this for single node cuts. First, this can be expensive since
          * in this case the graph still contains all nodes. Second, we may not find a dominating cut,
          * because we may not have the corresponding dominating node set in our cluster partition.
         */

         /* clear memory */
         BMSclearMemoryArray(rowweights, nrows);
         BMSclearMemoryArray(comcutdemands, ncommodities);
         BMSclearMemoryArray(comdemands, ncommodities);

         baserhs = 0.0;
         ndeltas = 0;

         /* Identify commodities with positive T -> S demand */
         nnodesinS = 0;
         for( v = 0; v < nnodes; v++ )
         {
            /* check if node belongs to S */
            if( !nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, v) )
            {
               /* node does not belong to S */
               continue;
            }
            nnodesinS++;
            /* update commodity demand */
            for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
            {
               SCIP_Real rhs;

               if( nodeflowrows[v][k] == NULL )
                  continue;

               if( nodeflowscales[v][k] > 0.0 )
                  rhs = SCIProwGetRhs(nodeflowrows[v][k]) - SCIProwGetConstant(nodeflowrows[v][k]);
               else
                  rhs = SCIProwGetLhs(nodeflowrows[v][k]) - SCIProwGetConstant(nodeflowrows[v][k]);
               if( nodeflowinverted[v][k] )
                  rhs *= -1.0;

               comcutdemands[k] += rhs * nodeflowscales[v][k];
            }
         }
         assert (1 <= nnodesinS && nnodesinS <= nnodes-1);

         /* ignore cuts with only a single node in S or in T, since these have
          * already been tried as single node cuts
          */
         if( sepadata->separatesinglenodecuts && nodepartition != NULL && (nnodesinS == 1 || nnodesinS == nnodes-1) )
         {
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> shore S or T has only one node - skip partition.\n");
            break;
         }

         /* check if there is at least one useful commodity */
         if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED )
         {
            for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
            {
               /* in the directed case, use commodities with positive demand (negative -d_k) */
               SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> commodity %d: directed cutdemand=%g\n", k, comcutdemands[k]);
               if( SCIPisNegative(scip, comcutdemands[k]) )
                  break;
            }
         }
         else
         {
            for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
            {
               /* in the undirected case, use commodities with non-zero demand */
               SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> commodity %d: undirected cutdemand=%g\n", k, comcutdemands[k]);
               if( !SCIPisZero(scip, comcutdemands[k]) )
                  break;
            }
         }
         if( k == ncommodities )
            continue;

         /* set weights of capacity rows that go from T to S, i.e., a \in A^- */
         for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
         {
            SCIP_COL** rowcols;
            SCIP_Real* rowvals;
            SCIP_Real feasibility;
            int rowlen;
            int r;
            int j;

            assert(arcsources[a] < nnodes);
            assert(arctargets[a] < nnodes);

            /* check if this is an arc of our cut */
            if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED )
            {
               /* in the directed case, check if arc goes from T to S */
               if( nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, arcsources[a])  ||
                     !nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, arctargets[a])   )
               {
                  /* arc has source in S or target in T */
                  continue;
               }
            }
            else
            {
               /* in the undirected case, check if the arc has endpoints in S and T */
               if( nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, arcsources[a]) &&
                     nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, arctargets[a])   )
               {
                  /* both endpoints are in S */
                  continue;
               }
               if( !nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, arcsources[a]) &&
                     !nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, arctargets[a])   )
               {
                  /* both endpoints are in T */
                  continue;
               }
            }

            /* arc might be uncapacitated */
            if( arccapacityrows[a] == NULL )
               continue;

            /* use capacity row in c-MIR cut */
            r = SCIProwGetLPPos(arccapacityrows[a]);
            assert(r < nrows);
            if( r == -1 ) /* row might have been removed from LP in the meantime */
               continue;
            assert(rowweights[r] == 0.0);

            /* if one of the arc nodes is unknown, we only use the capacity row if it does not have slack,
             * otherwise, we discard it if the slack is too large
             */
            feasibility = SCIPgetRowSolFeasibility(scip, arccapacityrows[a], sol);
            if( arcsources[a] == -1 || arctargets[a] == -1 )
            {
               if( SCIPisFeasPositive(scip, feasibility) )
                  continue;
            }
            else
            {
               SCIP_Real maxcoef;

               maxcoef = SCIPgetRowMaxCoef(scip, arccapacityrows[a]);
               assert(maxcoef > 0.0);
               if( SCIPisFeasGT(scip, feasibility/maxcoef, MAXCAPACITYSLACK) )
                  continue;
            }

            rowweights[r] = arccapacityscales[a];
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> arc %d, r=%d, capacity row <%s>: weight=%g slack=%g dual=%g\n", a, r, SCIProwGetName(arccapacityrows[a]), rowweights[r],
                             SCIPgetRowFeasibility(scip, arccapacityrows[a]), SCIProwGetDualsol(arccapacityrows[a]));
            /*SCIPdebug( SCIP_CALL(SCIPprintRow(scip, arccapacityrows[a], NULL)) );*/

            if( sepadata->separateflowcutset )
            {
               if( rowweights[r] > 0.0 )
                  baserhs += rowweights[r] * (SCIProwGetRhs(arccapacityrows[a]) - SCIProwGetConstant(arccapacityrows[a]));
               else
                  baserhs += rowweights[r] * (SCIProwGetLhs(arccapacityrows[a]) - SCIProwGetConstant(arccapacityrows[a]));
            }

            /* extract useful deltas for c-MIR scaling and update the demand value for commodities (in binary flow model) */
            rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(arccapacityrows[a]);
            rowvals = SCIProwGetVals(arccapacityrows[a]);
            rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(arccapacityrows[a]);
            for( j = 0; j < rowlen; j++ )
            {
               SCIP_Real coef;
               int c;

               coef = rowvals[j] * arccapacityscales[a];
               coef = ABS(coef);

               /* update commodity demands */
               c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[j]);
               assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
               k = colcommodity[c];
               if( k >= 0 )
                  comdemands[k] = coef;

               /* insert coefficients of integer variables into deltas array */
               /* coefficients should not be too small and not be too big */
               if( !SCIPisZero(scip, 1.0 / coef) && !SCIPisFeasZero(scip, coef) && SCIPcolIsIntegral(rowcols[j]) )
               {
                  SCIP_Bool exists;
                  int left;
                  int right;

                  /* binary search if we already know this coefficient */
                  exists = FALSE;
                  left = 0;
                  right = ndeltas-1;
                  while( left <= right )
                  {
                     int mid = (left+right)/2;
                     /* take deltas that are not too close */
                     if( REALABS( deltas[mid] / coef - 1.0 ) <  1e-03 ) /*lint !e771*/
                     {
                        exists = TRUE;
                        break;
                     }
                     else if( coef < deltas[mid] )
                        right = mid-1;
                     else
                        left = mid+1;
                  }

                  /* insert new candidate value */
                  if( !exists )
                  {
                     assert(right == left-1);
                     assert(ndeltas <= deltassize);
                     if( ndeltas == deltassize )
                     {
                        deltassize *= 2;
                        SCIP_CALL( SCIPreallocBufferArray(scip, &deltas, deltassize) );
                     }
                     if( left < ndeltas )
                     {
                        for( d = ndeltas; d > left; d-- )
                           deltas[d] = deltas[d-1];
                     }
                     deltas[left] = coef;
                     ndeltas++;
                     SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> new capacity %g considered as delta\n", coef);
                  }
               }
            }
         }

         /* set weights of node flow conservation constraints in c-MIR aggregation */
         for( v = 0; v < nnodes; v++ )
         {
            /* aggregate flow conservation constraints of the 'active' commodities */
            for( k = 0; k < ncommodities; k++ )
            {
               SCIP_Real scale;
               int r;

               /* if commodity was not hit by the capacity constraints of the cut in the graph, ignore the commodity */
               if( comdemands[k] == 0.0 )
                  continue;

               scale = comdemands[k];
               if( modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED )
               {
                  /* in the directed case, use rows of commodities with positive demand (negative -d_k) */
                  if( !SCIPisNegative(scip, comcutdemands[k]) )
                     continue;

                  /* check if node belongs to S */
                  if( !nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, v) )
                  {
                     /* node belongs to T */
                     continue;
                  }
               }
               else
               {
                  /* in the undirected case, use rows of commodities with non-zero demand */
                  if( SCIPisZero(scip, comcutdemands[k]) )
                     continue;

                  /* If the demand (-d_k) is negative (i.e., points into the wrong direction), we use the flow
                   * in the opposite direction, i.e., sum over all nodes in T instead of S.
                   */
                  if( comcutdemands[k] > 0.0 )
                  {
                     /* check if node belongs to T */
                     if( nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, v) )
                     {
                        /* node belongs to S */
                        continue;
                     }
                  }
                  else
                  {
                     /* check if node belongs to S */
                     if( !nodeInPartition(nodepartition, partition, inverted, v) )
                     {
                        /* node belongs to T */
                        continue;
                     }
                  }
               }
               if( nodeflowrows[v][k] == NULL )
                  continue;

               r = SCIProwGetLPPos(nodeflowrows[v][k]);
               assert(r < nrows);
               if( r >= 0 ) /* row might have been removed from LP in the meantime */
               {
                  SCIP_Real feasibility;

                  assert(rowweights[r] == 0.0);

                  /* ignore rows with slack */
                  feasibility = SCIPgetRowSolFeasibility(scip, nodeflowrows[v][k], sol);
                  if( !SCIPisFeasPositive(scip, feasibility) )
                  {
                     rowweights[r] = scale * nodeflowscales[v][k];
                     if( nodeflowinverted[v][k] )
                        rowweights[r] *= -1.0;
                     SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> node %d, commodity %d, r=%d, flow row <%s>: scale=%g weight=%g slack=%g dual=%g\n",
                                      v, k, r, SCIProwGetName(nodeflowrows[v][k]), scale, rowweights[r],
                                      SCIPgetRowFeasibility(scip, nodeflowrows[v][k]), SCIProwGetDualsol(nodeflowrows[v][k]));
                     /*SCIPdebug( SCIP_CALL(SCIPprintRow(scip, nodeflowrows[v][k], NULL)) );*/
                     if( sepadata->separateflowcutset )
                     {
                        if( nodeflowscales[v][k] > 0.0 )
                           baserhs += rowweights[r] * (SCIProwGetRhs(nodeflowrows[v][k]) - SCIProwGetConstant(nodeflowrows[v][k]));
                        else
                           baserhs += rowweights[r] * (SCIProwGetLhs(nodeflowrows[v][k]) - SCIProwGetConstant(nodeflowrows[v][k]));
                     }
                  }
               }
            }
         }

         /* try out deltas to generate c-MIR cuts: use larger deltas first */
         /** @todo use only the best delta instead of generating all cuts ?? */

         /* use best delta for flowcutset separation */
         bestefficacy = SCIP_REAL_MIN;

         if( sepadata->separateflowcutset )
         {
            if( ndeltas > 0 )
               bestdelta = deltas[ndeltas-1];  /* if nothing else is found, use maxdelta */
         }

         oldncuts = *ncuts; /* save number of cuts */

         SCIP_CALL( SCIPaggrRowSumRows(scip, aggrrow, rowweights, NULL, -1,
               FALSE, allowlocal, 2, (int)MAXAGGRLEN(nvars), &success) );

         if( success )
         {
            SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> found %d different deltas to try\n", ndeltas);
            for( d = ndeltas-1; d >= 0 && d >= ndeltas-maxtestdelta; d-- )
            {
               SCIP_Real cutrhs = 0.0;
               SCIP_Real cutefficacy = 0.0;
               SCIP_Bool cutislocal = FALSE;
               /* variables for flowcutset separation */
               int cutrank;
               int cutnnz;

               /* we should not have too small deltas */
               assert( !SCIPisFeasZero(scip, deltas[d]) );
               /* we should not have too large deltas */
               assert( !SCIPisZero(scip, 1.0/deltas[d]) );

               SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "applying MIR with delta = %g\n", deltas[d]);
               SCIP_CALL( SCIPcalcMIR(scip, sol, POSTPROCESS, BOUNDSWITCH, USEVBDS, allowlocal, sepadata->fixintegralrhs, NULL, NULL, MINFRAC, MAXFRAC,
                     1.0/deltas[d], aggrrow, cutcoefs, &cutrhs, cutinds, &cutnnz, &cutefficacy, &cutrank, &cutislocal, &success) );
               assert(allowlocal || !cutislocal);

               /* // no success means row was too long or empty, there is a free
                *   // variable or for numerical reasons, it does not mean that the
                *   // cMIR cut was not violated */
               if( ! success )
                  continue;

               if( sepadata->separateflowcutset )
               {
                  if( cutefficacy > bestefficacy )
                  {
                     bestdelta = deltas[d];
                     bestefficacy = cutefficacy;
                  }
               }

               if( SCIPisEfficacious(scip, cutefficacy) )
               {
                  SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "success -> delta = %g  -> rhs: %g, efficacy: %g\n", deltas[d], cutrhs, cutefficacy);
                  SCIP_CALL( addCut(scip, sepa, sepadata, sol, cutcoefs, cutrhs, cutinds, cutnnz, cutislocal, cutrank, ncuts, cutoff) );
                  if( *cutoff )
                     break;

#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
                  for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
                  {
                     if( arccapacityrows[a] != NULL )
                     {
                        int r;

                        r = SCIProwGetLPPos(arccapacityrows[a]);
                        assert(r < nrows);
                        if( r >= 0 && rowweights[r] != 0.0 )
                        {
                           MCFdebugMessage(" -> arc %d, capacity row <%s>: weight=%g slack=%g prod=%g dual=%g\n", a,
                                 SCIProwGetName(arccapacityrows[a]), rowweights[r],
                                 SCIPgetRowFeasibility(scip, arccapacityrows[a]),
                                 SCIPgetRowFeasibility(scip, arccapacityrows[a]) * arccapacityscales[a], SCIProwGetDualsol(arccapacityrows[a]));
                        }
                     }
                  }
#endif
               }
            }
         }

         /* only separate flowcutset inequalities if no cutset inequalities have been found */
         if( sepadata->separateflowcutset && oldncuts == *ncuts && !*cutoff )
         {
            /* try to separate flow cuts for the best delta */
            f0 = SCIPfrac(scip, baserhs/bestdelta);
            if( MINFRAC <= f0 && f0 <= MAXFRAC )
            {
               SCIP_Real onedivoneminsf0;
               SCIP_Real totalviolationdelta;
               totalviolationdelta = 0.0;
               onedivoneminsf0 = 1.0/(1.0 - f0);
               for( a = 0; a < narcs; a++ )
               {
                  SCIP_COL** rowcols;
                  SCIP_Real* rowvals;
                  int rowlen;
                  SCIP_Real rowweight;
                  SCIP_Real rowlhs;
                  SCIP_Real rowrhs;
                  SCIP_Real rowconstant;
                  SCIP_Real violationdelta;
                  int r;
                  int j;

                  /* arc might be uncapacitated */
                  if( arccapacityrows[a] == NULL )
                     continue;

                  r = SCIProwGetLPPos(arccapacityrows[a]);

                  /* row might have been removed from LP in the meantime */
                  assert(r < nrows);
                  if( r == -1 )
                     continue;

                  /* ignore rows that are not in the aggregation */
                  if( rowweights[r] == 0.0 )
                     continue;

                  /* check if removing the capacity inequality will lead to a more violated MIR inequality:
                   * in a "perfect" MCF model, adding the capacity constraints means to cancel the flow
                   * variables of the capacity constraints and instead to add the capacity variables.
                   * Thus, removing it means to add the flow variables (with negative sign) and to remove
                   * the capacity variables.
                   * We assume that the right hand side of the scaled capacity inequality is integral (usually 0)
                   * and thus, the fractionality of the rhs of the base inequality does not change, hence the
                   * cut coefficients of all other involved variables do not change.
                   */
                  rowcols = SCIProwGetCols(arccapacityrows[a]);
                  rowvals = SCIProwGetVals(arccapacityrows[a]);
                  rowlen = SCIProwGetNLPNonz(arccapacityrows[a]);
                  rowweight = rowweights[r]/bestdelta;
                  rowlhs = SCIProwGetLhs(arccapacityrows[a]);
                  rowrhs = SCIProwGetRhs(arccapacityrows[a]);
                  rowconstant = SCIProwGetConstant(arccapacityrows[a]);
                  if( SCIPisInfinity(scip, rowrhs) || (!SCIPisInfinity(scip, -rowlhs) && rowweight < 0.0) )
                     violationdelta = rowweight * (rowlhs - rowconstant);
                  else
                     violationdelta = rowweight * (rowrhs - rowconstant);

                  for( j = 0; j < rowlen; j++ )
                  {
                     SCIP_VAR* var;
                     SCIP_Real coef;
                     SCIP_Real mircoef;
                     SCIP_Real solval;
                     int c;

                     coef = rowvals[j] * rowweight;

                     c = SCIPcolGetLPPos(rowcols[j]);
                     assert(0 <= c && c < SCIPgetNLPCols(scip));
                     var = SCIPcolGetVar(rowcols[j]);

                     /* variable is flow variable: if we are not using the capacity constraint, this
                      *   would appear with negative coefficient in the base inequality instead of being canceled.
                      * variable is capacity variable: if we are not using the capacity constraint, this
                      *   would not appear in the base inequality.
                      */
                     if( colcommodity[c] >= 0 )
                        coef *= -1.0;

                     if( SCIPvarIsIntegral(var) )
                     {
                        SCIP_Real fj;

                        fj = SCIPfrac(scip, coef);
                        if( fj <= f0 )
                           mircoef = SCIPfloor(scip, coef);
                        else
                           mircoef = SCIPfloor(scip, coef) + (fj - f0)*onedivoneminsf0;
                     }
                     else
                     {
                        if( coef >= 0.0 )
                           mircoef = 0.0;
                        else
                           mircoef = coef * onedivoneminsf0;
                     }

                     /* add flow variable MIR coefficients, and subtract capacity variable MIR coefficients */
                     solval = SCIPgetSolVal(scip, sol, var);
                     if( colcommodity[c] >= 0 )
                        violationdelta += mircoef * solval;
                     else
                        violationdelta -= mircoef * solval;
                  }

                  if( SCIPisPositive(scip, violationdelta) )
                  {
                     SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> discarding capacity row <%s> of weight %g and slack %g: increases MIR violation by %g\n",
                                      SCIProwGetName(arccapacityrows[a]), rowweights[r], SCIPgetRowFeasibility(scip, arccapacityrows[a]),
                                      violationdelta);
                     rowweights[r] = 0.0;
                     totalviolationdelta += violationdelta;
                  }
               }

               /* if we removed a capacity constraint from the aggregation, try the new aggregation */
               if( totalviolationdelta > 0.0 )
               {
                  SCIP_Real cutrhs;
                  SCIP_Real cutefficacy;
                  SCIP_Bool cutislocal;
                  int cutnnz;
                  int cutrank;

                  /* we should not have too small deltas */
                  assert( !SCIPisFeasZero(scip, bestdelta) );
                  /* we should not have too large deltas */
                  assert( !SCIPisZero(scip, 1.0/bestdelta) );

                  SCIPdebugMsg(scip, "applying MIR with delta = %g to flowcut inequality (violation improvement: %g)\n", bestdelta, totalviolationdelta);

                  SCIP_CALL( SCIPaggrRowSumRows(scip, aggrrow, rowweights, NULL, -1,
                     FALSE, allowlocal, 2, (int)MAXAGGRLEN(nvars), &success) );

                  if( success )
                  {
                     SCIP_CALL( SCIPcalcMIR(scip, sol, POSTPROCESS, BOUNDSWITCH, USEVBDS, allowlocal, sepadata->fixintegralrhs, NULL, NULL, MINFRAC, MAXFRAC,
                                            1.0/bestdelta, aggrrow, cutcoefs, &cutrhs, cutinds, &cutnnz, &cutefficacy, &cutrank, &cutislocal, &success) );

                     assert(allowlocal || !cutislocal);

                     if( success && SCIPisEfficacious(scip, cutefficacy) )
                     {
                        SCIPdebugMsg(scip, " -> delta = %g  -> rhs: %g, efficacy: %g\n", bestdelta, cutrhs, cutefficacy);
                        SCIP_CALL( addCut(scip, sepa, sepadata, sol, cutcoefs, cutrhs, cutinds, cutnnz, cutislocal, cutrank, ncuts, cutoff) );
                     }
                  }
               }
            }
         }
      }
   }

   /* free local memory */
   SCIPaggrRowFree(scip, &aggrrow);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &cutinds);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &cutcoefs);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &comdemands);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &comcutdemands);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &rowweights);
   SCIPfreeBufferArray(scip, &deltas);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** searches and adds MCF network cuts that separate the given primal solution */
static
SCIP_RETCODE separateCuts(
   SCIP*                 scip,               /**< SCIP data structure */
   SCIP_SEPA*            sepa,               /**< the cut separator itself */
   SCIP_SOL*             sol,                /**< primal solution that should be separated, or NULL for LP solution */
   SCIP_Bool             allowlocal,         /**< should local cuts be allowed */
   SCIP_RESULT*          result              /**< pointer to store the result of the separation call */
   )
{
   /*lint --e{715}*/
   SCIP_SEPADATA* sepadata;
   SCIP_MCFNETWORK** mcfnetworks;
   int nmcfnetworks;
   int ncuts;
   int ncols;
   int nrows;
   int nvars;
   SCIP_Real colrowratio;
   int i;
   SCIP_Bool cutoff;

   assert(result != NULL);
   assert(*result == SCIP_DIDNOTRUN);

   ncuts = 0;
   cutoff = FALSE;

   /* check for number of columns, number of variables, column/row ratio */
   nrows = SCIPgetNLPRows(scip);
   ncols = SCIPgetNLPCols(scip);
   nvars = SCIPgetNVars(scip);

   /* exit if not all variables are in the LP (e.g. dynamic columns) */
   /* Notice that in principle we should have most of the columns in the LP to be able to detect a structure */
   if( ncols != nvars )
   {
      MCFdebugMessage("%d variables but %d columns -> exit\n", nvars, ncols );

      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }

   /* exit if number of columns is too large (expensive detection) */
   if( ncols > MAXCOLS )
   {
      MCFdebugMessage("%d > %d columns -> exit\n", ncols, MAXCOLS );

      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }

   colrowratio = (SCIP_Real)ncols/(nrows+1e-9);

   /* get separator data */
   sepadata = SCIPsepaGetData(sepa);
   assert(sepadata != NULL);

   /* if separation was not delayed before and we had no success in previous round then delay the separation*/
   if( !SCIPsepaWasLPDelayed(sepa) && !sepadata->lastroundsuccess )
   {
      *result = SCIP_DELAYED;
      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }

   if( colrowratio < MINCOLROWRATIO || colrowratio > MAXCOLROWRATIO )
   {
      MCFdebugMessage("%d columns, %d rows, ratio %g is not in [%g,%g] -> exit\n", ncols, nrows, colrowratio, MINCOLROWRATIO, MAXCOLROWRATIO);

      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }

   /* ######################## NETWORK DETECTION ##################################### */
   /* get or extract network flow structure */
   if( sepadata->nmcfnetworks == -1 )
   {
      *result = SCIP_DIDNOTFIND;

      SCIP_CALL( mcfnetworkExtract(scip, sepadata, &sepadata->mcfnetworks, &sepadata->nmcfnetworks, &sepadata->effortlevel) );

      MCFdebugMessage("extracted %d networks\n", sepadata->nmcfnetworks);

      for( i = 0; i < sepadata->nmcfnetworks; i++ )
      {
         MCFdebugMessage(" -> extracted network %d has %d nodes, %d (%d) arcs (uncapacitated), and %d commodities (modeltype: %s)\n",
                         i, sepadata->mcfnetworks[i]->nnodes, sepadata->mcfnetworks[i]->narcs, sepadata->mcfnetworks[i]->nuncapacitatedarcs,
                         sepadata->mcfnetworks[i]->ncommodities,
                         sepadata->mcfnetworks[i]->modeltype == SCIP_MCFMODELTYPE_DIRECTED ? "directed" : "undirected");
         SCIPdebug( mcfnetworkPrint(sepadata->mcfnetworks[i]) );
      }

#ifdef COUNTNETWORKVARIABLETYPES
      SCIP_CALL( printFlowSystemInfo(scip,sepadata->mcfnetworks,sepadata->nmcfnetworks));

#endif
   }
   assert(sepadata->nmcfnetworks >= 0);
   assert(sepadata->mcfnetworks != NULL || sepadata->nmcfnetworks == 0);
   mcfnetworks = sepadata->mcfnetworks;
   nmcfnetworks = sepadata->nmcfnetworks;

   /* ######################## SEPARATION ##################################### */
   if( nmcfnetworks > 0 && sepadata->effortlevel != MCFEFFORTLEVEL_OFF )
   {
      /* separate cuts */
      *result = SCIP_DIDNOTFIND;
      sepadata->lastroundsuccess = FALSE;

      for( i = 0; i < nmcfnetworks && !cutoff; i++ )
      {
         SCIP_MCFNETWORK* mcfnetwork;
         NODEPARTITION* nodepartition;
         SCIP_Real arcnoderatio;

         mcfnetwork = mcfnetworks[i];

         /* if the network does not have at least 2 nodes and 1 arc, we did not create it */
         assert(mcfnetwork->nnodes >= 2);
         assert(mcfnetwork->narcs >= 1);

         arcnoderatio = (SCIP_Real)mcfnetwork->narcs / (SCIP_Real)mcfnetwork->nnodes;

         /* do not allow networks exceeding the arcs/nodes ratio ( = average node degree / 2 (directed)) */
         if( arcnoderatio > MAXARCNODERATIO )
         {
            MCFdebugMessage("MCF network has %d nodes and %d arcs. arc node ratio %.2f exceed --> exit\n",
                            mcfnetwork->nnodes, mcfnetwork->narcs, MAXARCNODERATIO);
            continue;
         }

         /* enumerate single node cuts */
         if( sepadata->separatesinglenodecuts )
         {
            SCIP_CALL( generateClusterCuts(scip, sepa, sepadata, sol, allowlocal, mcfnetwork, NULL, &ncuts, &cutoff) );
         }

         if( !cutoff )
         {
            /* partition nodes into a small number of clusters */
            SCIP_CALL( nodepartitionCreate(scip, mcfnetwork, &nodepartition,
                  sepadata->effortlevel == MCFEFFORTLEVEL_DEFAULT ? sepadata->nclusters : 2 * sepadata->nclusters) );
#ifdef SCIP_DEBUG
            nodepartitionPrint(nodepartition);
#endif

            /* enumerate cuts between subsets of the clusters */
            SCIP_CALL( generateClusterCuts(scip, sepa, sepadata, sol, allowlocal, mcfnetwork, nodepartition, &ncuts, &cutoff) );

            /* free node partition */
            nodepartitionFree(scip, &nodepartition);
         }

         MCFdebugMessage("MCF network has %d nodes, %d arcs, %d commodities. Found %d MCF network cuts, cutoff = %u.\n",
                         mcfnetwork->nnodes, mcfnetwork->narcs, mcfnetwork->ncommodities, ncuts, cutoff);

         /* adjust result code */
         if( cutoff )
         {
            *result = SCIP_CUTOFF;
            sepadata->lastroundsuccess = TRUE;
         }
         else if( ncuts > 0 )
         {
            *result = SCIP_SEPARATED;
            sepadata->lastroundsuccess = TRUE;
         }
      }
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}


/*
 * Callback methods of separator
 */

/** copy method for separator plugins (called when SCIP copies plugins) */
static
SCIP_DECL_SEPACOPY(sepaCopyMcf)
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   assert(scip != NULL);
   assert(sepa != NULL);
   assert(strcmp(SCIPsepaGetName(sepa), SEPA_NAME) == 0);

   /* call inclusion method of constraint handler */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPincludeSepaMcf(scip) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** destructor of separator to free user data (called when SCIP is exiting) */
static
SCIP_DECL_SEPAFREE(sepaFreeMcf)
{
   /*lint --e{715}*/
   SCIP_SEPADATA* sepadata;

   /* free separator data */
   sepadata = SCIPsepaGetData(sepa);
   assert(sepadata != NULL);
   assert(sepadata->mcfnetworks == NULL);
   assert(sepadata->nmcfnetworks == -1);

   SCIPfreeMemory(scip, &sepadata);

   SCIPsepaSetData(sepa, NULL);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** solving process initialization method of separator (called when branch and bound process is about to begin) */
static
SCIP_DECL_SEPAINITSOL(sepaInitsolMcf)
{
   /*lint --e{715}*/
   SCIP_SEPADATA* sepadata;

   /* get separator data */
   sepadata = SCIPsepaGetData(sepa);
   assert(sepadata != NULL);

   sepadata->lastroundsuccess = TRUE;
   sepadata->effortlevel = MCFEFFORTLEVEL_OFF;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}


/** solving process deinitialization method of separator (called before branch and bound process data is freed) */
static
SCIP_DECL_SEPAEXITSOL(sepaExitsolMcf)
{
   /*lint --e{715}*/
   SCIP_SEPADATA* sepadata;
   int i;

   /* get separator data */
   sepadata = SCIPsepaGetData(sepa);
   assert(sepadata != NULL);

   /* free MCF networks */
   for( i = 0; i < sepadata->nmcfnetworks; i++ )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( mcfnetworkFree(scip, &sepadata->mcfnetworks[i]) );
   }
   SCIPfreeMemoryArrayNull(scip, &sepadata->mcfnetworks);
   sepadata->nmcfnetworks = -1;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}


/** LP solution separation method of separator */
static
SCIP_DECL_SEPAEXECLP(sepaExeclpMcf)
{
   /*lint --e{715}*/

   *result = SCIP_DIDNOTRUN;

   /* only call separator, if we are not close to terminating */
   if( SCIPisStopped(scip) )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* only call separator, if an optimal LP solution is at hand */
   if( SCIPgetLPSolstat(scip) != SCIP_LPSOLSTAT_OPTIMAL )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* only call separator, if there are fractional variables */
   if( SCIPgetNLPBranchCands(scip) == 0 )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* separate cuts on the LP solution */
   SCIP_CALL( separateCuts(scip, sepa, NULL, allowlocal, result) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}


/** arbitrary primal solution separation method of separator */
static
SCIP_DECL_SEPAEXECSOL(sepaExecsolMcf)
{
   /*lint --e{715}*/

   *result = SCIP_DIDNOTRUN;

   /* separate cuts on the given primal solution */
   SCIP_CALL( separateCuts(scip, sepa, sol, allowlocal, result) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}


/*
 * separator specific interface methods
 */

/** creates the mcf separator and includes it in SCIP */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPincludeSepaMcf(
   SCIP*                 scip                /**< SCIP data structure */
   )
{
   SCIP_SEPADATA* sepadata;
   SCIP_SEPA* sepa;

   /* create mcf separator data */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPallocMemory(scip, &sepadata) );
   sepadata->mcfnetworks = NULL;
   sepadata->nmcfnetworks = -1;

   sepadata->lastroundsuccess = TRUE;
   sepadata->effortlevel = MCFEFFORTLEVEL_OFF;

   /* include separator */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPincludeSepaBasic(scip, &sepa, SEPA_NAME, SEPA_DESC, SEPA_PRIORITY, SEPA_FREQ, SEPA_MAXBOUNDDIST,
         SEPA_USESSUBSCIP, SEPA_DELAY,
         sepaExeclpMcf, sepaExecsolMcf,
         sepadata) );

   assert(sepa != NULL);

   /* set non-NULL pointers to callback methods */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSepaCopy(scip, sepa, sepaCopyMcf) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSepaFree(scip, sepa, sepaFreeMcf) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSepaInitsol(scip, sepa, sepaInitsolMcf) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSepaExitsol(scip, sepa, sepaExitsolMcf) );

   /** @todo introduce parameters such as maxrounds (see other separators) */
   /* add mcf separator parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddIntParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/nclusters",
         "number of clusters to generate in the shrunken network -- default separation",
         &sepadata->nclusters, TRUE, DEFAULT_NCLUSTERS, 2, (int) (8*sizeof(unsigned int)), NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddRealParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/maxweightrange",
         "maximal valid range max(|weights|)/min(|weights|) of row weights",
         &sepadata->maxweightrange, TRUE, DEFAULT_MAXWEIGHTRANGE, 1.0, SCIP_REAL_MAX, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddIntParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/maxtestdelta",
         "maximal number of different deltas to try (-1: unlimited)  -- default separation",
         &sepadata->maxtestdelta, TRUE, DEFAULT_MAXTESTDELTA, -1, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddBoolParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/trynegscaling",
         "should negative values also be tested in scaling?",
         &sepadata->trynegscaling, TRUE, DEFAULT_TRYNEGSCALING, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddBoolParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/fixintegralrhs",
         "should an additional variable be complemented if f0 = 0?",
         &sepadata->fixintegralrhs, TRUE, DEFAULT_FIXINTEGRALRHS, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddBoolParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/dynamiccuts",
         "should generated cuts be removed from the LP if they are no longer tight?",
         &sepadata->dynamiccuts, FALSE, DEFAULT_DYNAMICCUTS, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddIntParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/modeltype",
         "model type of network (0: auto, 1:directed, 2:undirected)",
         &sepadata->modeltype, TRUE, DEFAULT_MODELTYPE, 0, 2, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddIntParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/maxsepacuts",
         "maximal number of mcf cuts separated per separation round",
         &sepadata->maxsepacuts, FALSE, DEFAULT_MAXSEPACUTS, -1, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddIntParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/maxsepacutsroot",
         "maximal number of mcf cuts separated per separation round in the root node  -- default separation",
         &sepadata->maxsepacutsroot, FALSE, DEFAULT_MAXSEPACUTSROOT, -1, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddRealParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/maxinconsistencyratio",
         "maximum inconsistency ratio for separation at all",
         &sepadata->maxinconsistencyratio, TRUE, DEFAULT_MAXINCONSISTENCYRATIO, 0.0, SCIP_REAL_MAX, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddRealParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/maxarcinconsistencyratio",
         "maximum inconsistency ratio of arcs not to be deleted",
         &sepadata->maxarcinconsistencyratio, TRUE, DEFAULT_MAXARCINCONSISTENCYRATIO, 0.0, SCIP_REAL_MAX, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddBoolParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/checkcutshoreconnectivity",
         "should we separate only if the cuts shores are connected?",
         &sepadata->checkcutshoreconnectivity, TRUE, DEFAULT_CHECKCUTSHORECONNECTIVITY, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddBoolParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/separatesinglenodecuts",
         "should we separate inequalities based on single-node cuts?",
         &sepadata->separatesinglenodecuts, TRUE, DEFAULT_SEPARATESINGLENODECUTS, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddBoolParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/separateflowcutset",
         "should we separate flowcutset inequalities on the network cuts?",
         &sepadata->separateflowcutset, TRUE, DEFAULT_SEPARATEFLOWCUTSET, NULL, NULL) );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPaddBoolParam(scip,
         "separating/mcf/separateknapsack",
         "should we separate knapsack cover inequalities on the network cuts?",
         &sepadata->separateknapsack, TRUE, DEFAULT_SEPARATEKNAPSACK, NULL, NULL) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}